نقش مهارت‌های «تخصصی» و «کسب و کار» در شکل‌گیری قابلیت استخدام‌پذیری در دانش‌آموختگان رشته معماری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

هیات علمی گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای، تهران، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2022.329362.2006

چکیده

امروزه دانش­آموختگان معماری در بدو ورود به حرفه، با نوعی شوک مواجه می­شوند، به طوری که آموزه­های دانشگاهی، چندان که باید، برای استخدام اولیه و یا پیشرفت شغلی­ به آنها کمکی نمی­کند. بر این اساس، هدف از این پژوهش آسیب­شناسی برنامۀ آموزشی مقطع کارشناسی رشته معماری در دانشگاه­ها و بررسی میزان اثر­گذاری این آموزش­ها در پدید آوردن مهارت­ها و دانش لازم برای استخدام­پذیری است. بدین منظور ابتدا به بررسی پژوهش­های مشابه در این زمینه پرداخته شده و سپس با واکاوی و واژه­شناسی تخصصی عبارت «استخدام­پذیری» مدل مفهومی پژوهش مشخص شده است. 2 مهارت اصلی مستخرج از مدل مفهومی در یک پژوهش میدانی با جامعۀ آماری دانش­آموختگان شاغل رشته معماری آزموده شده است. نمونه­گیری به صورت هدفمند انجام شده و 51 نفر به پرسش‌نامه بسته­ای در مورد متغیرهای موثر بر استخدام­پذیری پاسخ داده­اند. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل داده­های به دست آمده نشان داده که4 متغیر «عدم همخوانی تعاریف در محیط حرفه­ای با آکادمیک»، «عدم آشنایی با قوانین کار و مقررات ساختمان»، «نداشتن مهارت­های کاربردی در محیط حرفه­ای» و «عدم آشنایی مسایل اجرایی و حرفه­ای» همگی از متغیر «نهادینه نشدن سرفصل­های درسی» مؤثرترند. با توجه به نتایج به نظر می­رسد که دانش معماری در برنامۀ آموزشی به خوبی نهادینه شده است اما سایر متغیرها در شوک حرفه­ای در بدو ورود به بازار کار مؤثر است و عدم وجود پیوند و ارتباط و پیوستگی بین اطلاعات و دانش معماری با آن­چه که به صورت واقعی و عملیاتی در محیط حرفه­ای و بازار کار اتفاق می­افتد؛ عامل اصلی این شوک حرفه­ای است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Proficiency and Business Skills on the "Employability" Development of Architecture Graduates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Majidi
  • Zahar Ghazanfari
  • Mahsa Haghani
Faculty Member, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, architecture graduates experience a type of shock at the beginning of their careers as academic learning do not help them as much as it should for initial employment or career advancement. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine the pathology of the undergraduate program in architecture at universities and to examine the effectiveness of these trainings in creating the necessary skills and knowledge for employment. For this purpose, firstly, similar research in this field was reviewed and then, by specialized analysis and lexicography, the term "employability" of the research concept identified. The two main skills derived from the conceptual model were tested through a field study with the statistical population of architecture graduates. Sampling was carried out purposefully and 51 people responded to a closed questionnaire on the variables affecting recruitment. The results of the data analysis showed that the four variables of "inconsistency of definitions in the professional environment with the academic", "unfamiliarity with labor laws and building regulations", "lack of practical skills in the professional environment" and "lack of familiarity with administrative and professional issues" were all more effective than the variable "non-institutionalization of curriculum". According to the results, it seems that architectural knowledge is well institutionalized in the curriculum, but the other variables are effective in creating the professional shock at the beginning of entering the professional environment. In addition, lack of connection and harmony between academic architectural knowledge and reality of the professional environment are the main causes of this shock.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Employability
  • Architecture
  • Proficiency skills
  • Business skills
  • Curriculum
  • Professional environment

مراجع

[1] Mirfardi, A. (2005). The relevancy between higher education and labor market in Iran. The First Conferences on Barriers and Solutions for Graduate’s Employment, Azad Islamic University, Mashhad, Iran.
[2] Hurst, D., Azevedo, A., & Hawranik, P. (2018). Building Adaptive Capacity in Online Graduate Management Education. In A. Khare & D. Hurst (Eds.), On the Line: Business Education in the Digital Age. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/ 978-3-319-62776-2_20
[3] Azizi, N. A. (2007, May 14 ). Why dose relation between labor market and higher education is not efficient? Concentration on Humanism science. Third Conferences on Employment and Higher Education, Tarbiyat Modares university, Tehran, Iran. in persion. , Tehran, Iran.
[4] Knight, P. T., & Yorke, M. (2003). Employability and Good Learning in Higher Education. Teaching in Higher Education, 8(1), 3-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/1356251032000052294
[5] Shafagat, A., & Veisi, R. (2007, May 14). Challenges and barriers of employment of graduated in higher educated system. Third Conference on Higher Education and Employment, Tarbiyat Modares university, Tehran, Iran.
[6] Knight, P., & Yorke, M. (2002). Employability Through the Curriculum. Tertiary Education and Management, 8(4), 261-276. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021222629067
[7] Dacre Pool, L., & Sewell, P. (2007). The key to employability: developing a practical model of graduate employability. Education + Training, 49(4), 277-289. https://doi.org/10.110 8/00400910710754435
[8] Susskind, R. E., & Susskind, D. (2015). The future of the professions: How technology will transform the work of human experts. Oxford University Press, USA. https://www.amazo n.co.uk/Future-Professions-Technology-Transform-Experts/dp/0198713 398
[9] Divan, A., & McBurney, S. (2016). Understanding how students manage their employability. New Directions in the Teaching of Physical Sciences, 11(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.293 11/ndtps.v0i11.587
[10] Khodeir, L. M., & Nessim, A. A. (2020). Changing skills for architecture students employability: Analysis of job market versus architecture education in Egypt. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 11(3), 811-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.11.006
[11] Oluwatayo, A., Opoko, A., Ezema, I., & Iroham, C. (2016, May 9-11). How do Students Perceive their Employability Readiness? The Case of Architecture Students. 3rd International Conference on African Development Issues, Ota, Nigeria. https://www.researchgate.net/ publication/312630860_How_do_Students_Perceive_their_Employability_Readiness_The_Case_of_Architecture_Students
[12] Salleh, R., Yusof, M., & Memon, M. A. (2016). Attributes of graduate architects: An industry perspective. Social Sciences, 11(5), 551-556. https://doi.org/10.3923/sscience.2016.551 .556
[13] Hejazi, S., & Shafaei, M. (2021). Assessing the relationship between education and professional work in architecture. Technology of Education Journal, 15(2), 365-378. https://doi.org/1 0.22061/tej.2020.6535.2412
[14] Beyti, H., Gharehbaglou, M., & Nazarzadeh Ansaroudi, E. (2021). Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Approved Housing Education Program (Architecture Studio 5) Based on the Expectations of the Professional Community of Architecture Graduates A Case Study of the Professional Community in Tabriz. Journal of Architecture and Urban Planning, 14(33), 127-143. http://ensani.ir/file/download/a rticle/1651989105-10554-1400-247.pdf
[15] Mohammad Shafi, M., Neyestani, M. R., Jafari, E., & Taghvaei, V. (2020). Evaluating the Quality of the Curriculum in Skills Training (Case Study: Architecture Discipline of Shariaty Technical and Vocational University). New Educational Approaches  15(1), 79-102. https://doi.org/10.22108/nea.2020.122481.1461
[16] Simoni, P., & Abbasi, M. (2020). Evaluating the Relationship Between Education and Professional Activity in Architecture and Urban Planning Detailed study: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, University of Art. Honar-Ha-Ye-Ziba: Memary Va Shahrsazi, 25(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.22059/jfaup.2021.307181.672505
[17] Yorke, M., & Knight, P. (2004). Employability: Judging and communicating achievements. Learning and Teaching Support Network Generic Centre & Enhancing student employability co-ordination team. https://www.qualityresearchinternational.com/esectt ools/esectpubs/Employability%20judging%20and%20communicating.pdf
[18] Feiz, M., & Bahadori Nejad, M. (2010). A Professional Competency Model For Graduates of Engineering Colleges in Iran (Case study: Graduates of Sharif University of Technology). Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 12(46), 37-68. https://doi.org/ 10.22047/ijee.2010.673
[19] Harry, T., Chinyamurindi, W. T., & Mjoli, T. (2018). Perceptions of factors that affect employability amongst a sample of final-year students at a rural South African university. Sabinet Journal of Industrial Psychology, 44(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10. 4102/sajip.v44i0.1510
[20] Allen Consulting Group. (2006). Assessment and reporting of employability skills in training packages. Department of Education Science and Training. https://www.voced.edu.au/c ontent/ngv:36308
[21] De Cuyper, N., Sulea, C., Philippaers, K., Fischmann, G., Iliescu, D., & De Witte, H. (2014). Perceived employability and performance: moderation by felt job insecurity. Personnel Review, 43(4), 536-552. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-03-2013-0050
[22] Denholm, J., McLeod, D., Boyes, L., & McCormick, J. (2003). Higher education: Higher ambitions? Graduate employability in Scotland. Edinburgh: Scottish Higher Education Funding Council. http://qualityresearchinternational.com/esecttools/esectpubs/Graduat e%20employability%20in%20Scotland.pdf
[23] Nair, C. S., Patil, A., & Mertova, P. (2009). Re-engineering Graduate Skills–a Case Study. European Journal of Engineering Education, 34(2), 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1080/0 3043790902829281
[24] Mohammadzadeh, A., & Sotudeh Gharebagh, R. (2019). Soft skills for engineering students and graduates. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 20(80), 1-29. https://doi.org/1 0.22047/ijee.2019.156398.1592
[25] Razzaghi-Asl, S. (2011). The Relationship between Theory & Practice in Work-based Disciplines, the Case of Urban Design Field. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 4(6), 21-26. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_326 68.html?lang=en
[26] Melser, N. A. (2018). Teaching soft skills in a hard world: skills for beginning teachers. Rowman & Littlefield. https://www.amazon.com/Teaching-Soft-Skills-Hard-Worl d/dp/147584655X
[27] Mousavi, S. N., Sepahvand, R., Shariat Nejad, A., & Mousavi, N. (2021). Identifying and explaining Proactive career behaviours to improve employability of employers using fuzzy Delphi method. Career and Organizational Counseling, 12(45), 31-52. https://doi.org/10.52547/jcoc.12.4.31
[28] Khaleghkhah, A., & Najafi, H. (2018). Extraction the components of administrators soft skills by exploratory mixed method (Design of measurement tool). Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 9(33), 25-44. https://jedu.marvdasht.iau .ir/article_2965.html?lang=en
[29] Shahtalebi, S. (2017). Skill competencies graduates of doctoral curriculum; the point of view of experts and curriculum specialists. Research in Curriculum Planning, 13(51), 21-37. https://jsr-e.isfahan.iau.ir/article_534457.html?lang=en
[30] Kheradmandinia, S., & Sotudeh Gharebagh, R. (2018). Complementary skill educations for chemical engineers from engineering consultant company's view perspective. Iranian Journal of Engineering Education, 20(77), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.22047/ijee.2018.12662 9.1531
[31] Salehi Omran, E., & Einkhah, F. (2021). Developing the Employability of University Graduates: International Experiences and Modeling. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, -(-), -. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.286093.1529
[32] Fazelikebria, H., Noormohammadi, M., & Noormohammadi, G. (2018). The role of Technical and Vocational University in the development of skill training and job creation. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 15(1), 11-32. https://karafan.tvu.ac.i r/article_100511.html?lang=en
فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60
هنر و معماری | کشاورزی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 127-146

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 04 اسفند 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 06 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 شهریور 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار