تبیین و ارزیابی بسترهای یادگیری تجربی در نظام آموزش عالی معماری ایران (مطالعۀ موردی: دانشکده‌های معماری شهرهای کرمانشاه و اهواز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری معماری، گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران.

3 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2023.362339.2290

چکیده

امروزه یکی از دغدغه‌های نظام آموزش معماری دست‌یابی به نحوه‌ای از یادگیری است که بتواند دانش‌آموختگانی کارآمد و شایسته بارآورد. لذا با توجه به ماهیت رشتۀ معماری یادگیری تجربی به عنوان یک الگوی بنیادی در فرایند آموزش معماری مهارت‌محور مطرح و به‌کارگیری آن در برنامۀ درسی معماری نیازمند شرایط و بسترهای ویژه‌ای است که شناسایی، تحلیل و ارزیابی آنها هدف اصلی پژوهش را شکل می‌دهد. پژوهش حاضر به ‌لحاظ دیدمان تحقیق پیمایشی-کمی و از جنبۀ هدف کاربردی به ‌شمار می‌آید. در این پژوهش ابتدا مؤلفه‌های اساسی تحقیق گردآوری و دسته بندی شده است، سپس به‌جهت رتبه‌بندی، اخذ نظرات و بررسی میزان پرداختن به این مهم در نظام آموزشی معماری در قالب پرسش‌نامه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفته است. برای تعیین روایی پرسش‌نامه تحقیق از روایی صوری و محتوایی و پایایی آن از‌طریق ضریب آلفای کرونباخ بررسی و در تمام موارد بالای7/0محاسبه گردید. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش از میان گروهی از اساتید دانشگاه، متخصصین مطرح معماری در ارگآنهای خصوصی و دولتی و دانشجویان مقطع کارشناسی معماری در دانشکده­های معماری کرمانشاه و اهواز به صورت هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شده است. بر پایه یافته­ها مؤلفه‌های درس ‌محور، فراگیر‌ محور و آموزشگر ‌محور بسترهای یادگیری تجربی معماری را تشکیل دادند. نتایج ارزیابی وضع موجود نشان می­دهد بین وضعیت موجود و مطلوب ارائۀ بسترهای یادگیری تجربی در نظام آموزش معماری ایران فاصله زیادی وجود دارد و میانگین حسابی داده‌ها‌ی همه مؤلفه‌ها سطح نامناسبی در ارائه بستر‌ها را نمایان کرده است. بر مبنای نتایج لازم است کیفیت بستر­های یادگیری تا حد ممکن بر مبنای رویکرد تجربی بازنگری و اصلاح گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Explanation and Evaluation of Experiential Learning Platforms in Iran's Architectural Higher Education System (Case Study: Architecture Faculties of Kermanshah and Ahvaz )

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasim Bagheri 1
  • Mohammad Ibrahim Mazhary 2 3
  • Mostafa Masoudinejad 2
1 Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Ahvaz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Today, one of the concerns of the architectural education system is to find a way of learning that can produce efficient and competent graduates. Therefore, according to the nature of the field of architecture, experiential learning as a fundamental model in the skill-oriented architecture education process and its application in the architecture curriculum requires special conditions and contexts, whose identification, analysis and evaluation form the main goals of the present research. The current research is a survey- quantitative research and considered to be applied in terms of its objective. In this research, first, the basic components of the research were collected and categorized, and then evaluated in the form of a questionnaire in order to rank, obtain opinions and check the extent it addresses this issue in the architecture education system. To determine the validity of the research questionnaire, its face and content validity and reliability were examined through Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was calculated to be above 0.7 in all cases. The statistical population of the research was selected from a group of university professors, prominent architectural experts in private and governmental organizations, and undergraduate architecture students in the architecture faculties of Kermanshah and Ahvaz in a purposeful and accessible manner. Based on the findings, lesson-oriented, inclusive-oriented and teacher-oriented components formed the experimental learning platforms of architecture. The results of the evaluation of the current situation show that there is a major gap between the current and the desired situation of providing experiential learning platforms in the architectural education system of Iran, and the arithmetic mean of the data of all components showed an inappropriate level in providing the platforms. Based on the results, it is necessary to review and modify the quality of learning platforms as much as possible based on the experimental approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Learning platforms
  • Experiential learning
  • Architecture higher education
  • Architecture undergraduate
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[5] Noghrekar, A., & Dezhpasand, S. (2018). The assessment of Kolb's learning theory in architectural education from Islamic View. Journal of Iranian Architecture & Urbanism, 9(1), 175-192. https://doi.org/10.30475/isau.2018.68587
[6] Shaqour, E. N. (2021). Using Modern Teaching Strategies to Improve Architectural Design Studio Pedagogy in West Bank.(Dept. A). Mansoura Engineering Journal, 46(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.21608/bfemu.2021.158858
[7] Mahdavinejad, M., Ghasempourabadi, M., Ghaedi, H., & Nikhoosh, N. (2012). Formal Architectural Education and Training Professional Technicians (case study: Iran). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 51, 454-458. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.s bspro.2012.08.188
[8] Richard, T., & Catherine, R. (2006). The Impact of Teaching Models, Group Structures and Assessment Modes on Cooperative Learning in the Student Design Studio. Journal for Education in the Built Environment, 1(2), 39-56. https://doi.org/10.11120/jebe.2006. 01020039
[9] Mirjany, H., & Nadimi, H. (2022). Active Experience Model in Architectural Education A Method to Gain Practical Knowledge through Design-Oriented Experience of Architectural Examples. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 7(14), 5-20. https:/ /doi.org/10.22052/1.14.5
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[14] De Jong, J. A. S., Wierstra, R. F., & Hermanussen, J. (2006). An exploration of the relationship between academic and experiential learning approaches in vocational education. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 76, 155-169. https://doi.org/10.1348/00 0709905X42932
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