تحلیل پدیدارشناسانه عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مدیریت دولتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری کارآفرینی، گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

3 کارشناس ارشد مدیریت بازرگانی، دانشگاه پیام نور و دبیر آموزش و پرورش شهرستان کرمانشاه، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2023.368496.2330

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف واکاوی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای شهرستان کرمانشاه و اولویت‌بندی این عوامل در سال 1401 انجام شد. برای این منظور، از رویکرد کیفی و روش پدیدارشناسی توصیفی استفاده شد. با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند و گلوله برفی، تجارب زیسته و ادراک 21 نفر از دانش‌آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای شهرستان کرمانشاه مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از مصاحبه عمیق نیمه‌ساختارمند گردآوری شد. فرآیند مصاحبه‌ها و گردآوری داده‌ها تا رسیدن به مرحله اشباع نظری (مصاحبه 18) ادامه یافت. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از رویکرد تفسیرگرایانه و رهیافت هفت مرحله‌ای کُلایزی تحلیل شدند. به‌منظور رعایت ویژگی‌های کیفی پژوهش از سه ملاک قابل‌قبول بودن، تأییدپذیری و قابلیت اطمینان استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل محتوای استقرایی داده‌های به‌دست آمده از مصاحبه‌ها، به شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای، شامل 271 مفهوم و 8 دسته از عوامل منتج شد که به ترتیب اهمیت این عوامل عبارتند از: «آموزشی و مهارتی»، «اجتماعی و فرهنگی»، «شخصیتی و فردی»، «اداری و قانونی»، «سازمانی و نهادی»، «اقتصادی و مالی»، «زیرساختی و حمایتی» و «ترویجی و آگاهی‌بخش». یافته‌های پژوهش حاکی از این است که هریک از عوامل احصاءشده در پویایی فرآیند مهارت‌آموزی و کارآفرینی دانش‌آموختگان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای تأثیرگذار است. درنهایت، پیشنهادهایی برای سیاست‌گذاران، مدیران و معلمان هنرستان‌های فنی‌وحرفه‌ای جهت ارتقاء و ترویج کارآفرینی ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Phenomenological Analysis of Factors Affecting the Entrepreneurship of Technical and Vocational Graduates

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ayoub Pazhouhan 1
  • Moein Soleimani 2
  • Alireza Nazari 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Public Administration, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD Candidate of entrepreneurship, Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Master of Business Administration, Payame Noor University and Secretary of Education, Kermanshah, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The present research was conducted with the aim of examining and analyzing the factors affecting the entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational colleges in Kermanshah city and prioritizing these factors in 2022. For this purpose, the qualitative approach and descriptive phenomenological method were used. Using the purposeful and snowball sampling method, the lived experiences and perception of 21 students of technical and vocational graduates in Kermanshah city were investigated. Research data was collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews. The process of interviews and data collection continued until reaching the theoretical saturation stage (18 interviews). The collected data were analyzed using the interpretive approach and Colaizzi’s seven-step process. To comply with the qualitative features of the research, three criteria of acceptability, confirmability and dependability were used. The results of the inductive content analysis of the data obtained from the interviews led to the identification of factors affecting the entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational schools totaling 271 concepts and 8 categories of factors, which in order of importance were: "educational and skillful", "social and cultural", "personal and individual", "administrative and legal", "organizational and institutional", "economic and financial", "infrastructural and supportive", and "promotional and informative". The findings of the research indicated that each of the identified factors was effective in the dynamics of the skill learning process and entrepreneurship of graduates of technical and vocational graduates. Finally, recommendations were made for policy makers, managers and teachers of technical and vocational graduates to promote entrepreneurship.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurship
  • Employment
  • Skill training
  • Phenomenology
  • Colaizzi
  • Technical and vocational
  • Kermanshah
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