فصلنامه علمی کارافن

فصلنامه علمی کارافن

ارزیابی رضایتمندی آکوستیکی در ایستگاه‌های مترو از منظر عینی و ذهنی (مطالعۀ موردی: مترو تهران و تبریز)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان
پریا مشک آبادی 1
عباس غفاری 2
الهام ناظمی 3
نرگس دهقان 4
1 پژوهشگر دوره‌ی دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد ، ایران.
2 استاد مدعو، گروه معماری، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران. و دانشیار، دانشکده مهندسی معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی، تبریز، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه شهرسازی، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران.
4 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد نجف‌آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف‌آباد، ایران.
10.48301/kssa.2023.361415.2281
چکیده
تأمین آسایش صوتی و وضوح گفتار در ایستگاه‌­های مترو علاوه بر ایجاد ایمنی و امنیت، در بحث‌های روانی و جسمانی افراد نیز نقش دارد. در آکوستیک، ازریابی‌های عینی به تنهایی در تعیین رضایت آکوستیکی کافی نبوده و نیاز به ارزیابی ذهنی نیز وجود دارد. لذا هدف این پژوهش، سنجش رضایتمندی آکوستیکی در ایستگاه‌­های مترو به لحاظ کمی و کیفی با روش توصیفی-تجربی است. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق برداشت‌های میدانی که شامل اندازه‌­گیری پارامترهای فیزیکی (تراز فشار صوتی و زمان واخنش) و نیز پرسش‌نامه برای درک بهتر مخاطبان و سنجش میزان رضایتمندی آنان در رابطه با پنج مؤلفه تأثیرگذار در کیفیت آکوستیکی (شنیداری، گفتاری، انسانی، عملکردی و معماری) جمع­آوری گردیده و با دو نرم­افزار اکسل و اس.پی.اس.اس مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار گرفته‌­اند. مقایسه با استانداردهای بین‌­المللی در حیطۀ ارزیابی فیزیکی و شناسایی متغیرهای اساسی، تعیین میزان رضایتمندی و معناداری رابطه بین مؤلفه­‌های تأثیرگذار در رضایت آکوستیکی با متغیرهای جمعیت‌شناسی از جمله مواردی است که پژوهش انسانی به دنبال آن است. آنالیز داده‌های جمع‌­آوری شده نشان می‌دهد تراز فشار صوتی و زمان واخنش از استانداردهای مربوطه تبعیت نمی­‌کنند و عوامل اصلی نارضایتی از منظر مخاطبان به ترتیب شامل صداهای مکانیکی، دینامیکی و انعکاس گفتار در ایستگاه‌های مترو هستند که نوفه‌­های قابل توجهی تولید کرده، قابلیت شنیداری فضا را کاهش داده، تأثیر بسزایی در ایمنی و امنیت دارد و نیز عملکرد سیستم‌های اطلاع‌­رسانی را دچار مشکل ­کند. همچنین میزان رضایتمندی کاربران ارتباط معناداری با متغیرهایی همچون جنس، سن، ساعت مراجعه، تعداد سفرها در طول روز، توانایی شنیداری هر فرد دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
رضایتمندی آکوستیکی
ایستگاه مترو
وضوح گفتار
تراز فشار صوتی
زمان واخنش
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of Acoustic Satisfaction at Metro Stations from an Objective and Subjective Point of View (Case Study: Metro of Tehran and Tabriz)

نویسندگان English

Paria Meshkabadi 1
Abbas Ghaffari 2
Elham Nazemi 3
Narges Dehghan 4
1 PhD Student, Department of Architecture, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
2 Visiting Professor, Department of Architecture, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran And Associate Professor, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran.
چکیده English

The provision of sound comfort and speech intelligibility in metro stations also contribute to the mental and physical discussions of individuals in addition to safety and security. In acoustics, an objective evaluation alone is not sufficient to determine acoustic satisfaction and there is a need for subjective evaluation. Therefore, the purpose of this research was evaluation of acoustical satisfaction in metro stations in terms of quantity and quality with descriptive-experimental methods. The required data was collected through field studies that included measurement of physical parameters (SPL and RT) as well as questionnaires to better understand the audience and measure their satisfaction with the five effective components in acoustic quality (auditory, speech, human, functional and architecture) and analyzed in two EXCEL and SPSS software. A comparison with international standards was made in the scope of physical measurements and recognition of the underlying variables to determine the satisfaction, the relationship between the factors influencing the acoustic satisfaction with the demographic variables which research in humanities is looking for. The analysis of the collected data indicated that the SPL and RT did not follow the relevant standards. The main factors of dissatisfaction from people’s points of views included mechanical, dynamic and speech reflection in metro stations, which produce significant noise, and have a great impact on safety and security and the performance of public address systems. Furthermore, satisfaction of users had a significant correlation with variables such as gender, age, number of trips during the day, and auditory ability of each individual.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Acoustic Satisfaction
Metro Station
Speech Intelligibility
Sound Pressure Level
Reverberation Time
[1] Genuit, K. (1996). Objective evaluation of acoustic quality based on a relative approach. Proceedings-Institute Of Acoustics, 18, 3233-3238. https://www.researchgate.net/p ublication/267400527_OBJECTIVE_EVALUATION_OF_ACOUSTIC_QUALITY_BASED_ON_A_RELATIVE_APPROACH
[2] Wang, L. K., Pereira, N. C., & Hung, Y-T. (2005). Advanced air and noise pollution control. Humana. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-59259-779-6
[3] Poll, H. F. P. M. V. (1997). The perceived quality of the urban residential environment: a multi-attribute evaluation [Doctoral, University of Groningen]. Netherlands. https ://research.rug.nl/en/publications/the-perceived-quality-of-the-urban-residential-en vironment-a-mult
[4] Maekawa, L. (2010). Environmental and architectural acoustics (M. Shah Verdian, Trans.). University publishing center. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9640113776/ref =qs
[5] Berardi, U., Giordano, G., & Iannace, G. (2015, August 9-12). Acoustic characteristics of four subway stations in Naples, Italy. The 44th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, San Francisco, California, United States of America. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/282186553_Acoustic_Characteristics_of_Four_Subway_Stations_in_Naples_Italy
[6] Maag, T., Bosshard, A., & Anderson, S. (2021). Developing sound-aware cities: a model for implementing sound quality objectives within urban design and planning processes. Cities & Health, 5(1-2), 103-117. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2019.1624332
[7] American National Standards Institute. (1983). American National Standard Specification for Sound Level Meters (ANSI S1.4-1983). ANSI. https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/asa/a nsis11983r20064a1985
[8] Yilmazer, S., & Bora, Z. (2017). Understanding the indoor soundscape in public transport spaces: A case study in Akköprü metro station, Ankara. Building Acoustics, 24(4), 325-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1351010X17741742
[9] Lindvall, T., & Radford, E. P. (1973). Measurement of annoyance due to exposure to environmental factors: The fourth Karolinska institute symposium on environmental health. Environmental Research, 6(1), 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-9351(73) 90014-5
[10] Kang, J. (2006). Urban sound environment. Chemical Rubber Company Press. https://do i.org/10.1201/9781482265613
[11] Shobeiri Nejad, M. (2009). Managing the sound landscape of the city with the help of urban design. Guide to urban design focused on the sound landscape [Master, Shahid Beheshti]. Tehran, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/6f6844198e441127e8f783a3cdb90ce6
[12] Dargheh, M. (2005). The Sound and Light Engineering in Architecture. Hejbar. https://w ww.adinehbook.com/gp/product/9647279191/ref=qs
[13] Jakovljevic, B., Paunovic, K., & Belojevic, G. (2009). Road-traffic noise and factors influencing noise annoyance in an urban population. Environment International, 35(3), 552-556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.001
[14] Marzban, M., Eghbali, S. R., & Asadi Malekjahan, F. (2022). Explaining key technological factors affecting the future of the construction industry using structural analysis. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal,-(-), -. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2022.334225.2046
[15] Mirzababaloo, R., & Iravani, H. (2022). Architectural Design Principles in the Acoustic Performance of Studios. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 18(4), 363-374. https ://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.270094.1364
[16] Sajjadian, S. M., Tupenaite, L., & Barlow, C. (2021). Four angles of using timber in tall buildings. In J. Littlewood, R. J. Howlett, & L. C. Jain (Eds.), Sustainability in Energy and Buildings 2020 (Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 203). Springer. https: //link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-15-8783-2_15
[17] Taghipour, A., Sievers, T., & Eggenschwiler, K. (2019). Acoustic comfort in virtual inner yards with various building facades. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020249
[18] Long, M. (2005). Architectural acoustics. Elsevier. https://www.elsevier.com/books/arc hitectural-acoustics/long/978-0-08-052755-0
[19] Thomas, P., Aletta, F., Vander Mynsbrugge, T., Filipan, K., Dijckmans, A., De Geetere, L., Botteldooren, D., Petrovic, M., De Vriendt, P., & Van De Velde, D. (2018, May 27-31). Evaluation and improvement of the acoustic comfort in nursing homes: a case study in Flanders, Belgium. 11th European congress and exposition on Noise Control Engineering (Euronoise 2018). Ceret, Greek island. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3254515 14_Evaluation_and_improvement_of_the_acoustic_comfort_in_nursing_homes_a_case_study_in_Flanders_Belgium
[20] Xiao, J., & Aletta, F. (2016). A soundscape approach to exploring design strategies for acoustic comfort in modern public libraries: a case study of the Library of Birmingham. Noise Mapping, 3(1), 264-273. https://doi.org/10.1515/noise-2016-0018
[21] Battaglia, P. L. (2014, October 27-31). Achieving acoustical comfort in restaurants. 168th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Indianapolis, Indiana. https://doi.org/10.1 121/2.0000019
[22] Kang, J., & Zhang, M. (2010). Semantic differential analysis of the soundscape in urban open public spaces. Building and Environment, 45(1), 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.buildenv.2009.05.014
[23] Yang, W., & Kang, J. (2005). Acoustic comfort evaluation in urban open public spaces. Applied Acoustics, 66(2), 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2004.07.011
[24] Harvie-Clark, J., & Hinton, R. (2021, June 14-17). The value of control for acoustic satisfaction in open plan offices: a case study. The 13th International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Swede. https://doi.org/10.25144/13757
[25] Haapakangas, A., Hongisto, V., Eerola, M., & Kuusisto, T. (2017). Distraction distance and perceived disturbance by noise—An analysis of 21 open-plan offices. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 141(1), 127-136. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4973690
[26] Hanc, M-L. (2019). Productivity and wellbeing in the 21st century workplace: Implications of choice [Doctoral, University College London]. England, United Kingdom. https://disc overy.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10073396/1/MH_Final-thesis-approved_26April2019.pdf
[27] Ghotbi, M. R., Monazzam, M. R., Baneshi, M. R., Asadi, M., & Fard, S. M. B. (2012). Noise pollution survey of a two-storey intersection station in Tehran metropolitan subway system. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(2), 1097-1106. htt ps://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-2024-8
[28] Wu, Y., Kang, J., & Zheng, W. (2018). Acoustic environment research of railway station in China. Energy Procedia, 153, 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.10. 038
[29] Wu, Y., Kang, J., Zheng, W., & Wu, Y. (2020). Acoustic comfort in large railway stations. Applied Acoustics, 160, 107137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2019.107137
[30] Liu, C., Kang, J., & Xie, H. (2020). Effect of sound on visual attention in large railway stations: A case study of St. Pancras railway station in London. Building and Environment, 185(1), 107177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107177
[31] Indrayani, Yani, M., Amiruddin, A., Arnita, & Billy. (2020, November 3). Analysis of train noise level at bandar khalipah station, deli serdang using sound level meter 130 dB. The 2nd International Conference on Sciences and Technology Applications, Medan City, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1811/1/012017
[32] Salahshour, N. (2010). Architectural design of urban train stations. Karvar. https://www .adinehbook.com/gp/product/6005476095/ref=qs
فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60
هنر و معماری | کشاورزی
زمستان 1401
صفحه 283-307

  • تاریخ دریافت 13 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 18 آذر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش 25 دی 1401