ارائه مدل استفاده بهینه از تأمین مالی جمعی توسط کارآفرینان ورزشی ایران مبتنی بر نظریه داده‌بنیاد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت ورزشی، واحد دامغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد دامغان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، دامغان، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2022.313223.1812

چکیده

هدف از این پژوهش، ارائه مدل استفاده بهینه از تأمین مالی جمعی توسط کارآفرینان ورزشی ایران مبتنی بر نظریه داده­‌بنیاد بود. روش تحقیق، تحلیلی است که بدین منظور از روش­‌شناسی کیفی استفاده شد. استراتژی تحقیق، استفاده از نظریه داده‌بنیاد با رویکرد اشتراوس و کوربین بود. مشارکت­‌کنندگان در تحقیق 16 نفر که شامل استادان دانشگاه رشته مدیریت ورزشی، مدیریت کارآفرینی، کارآفرینان حورزه ورزش و فعالان در حوزه کسب‌وکارهای ورزشی بودند و استراتژی نمونه­‌گیری در بخش کیفی، هدفمند و با حداکثر تنوع یا ناهمگونی بود. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌­ها از تحلیل محتوای مصاحبه­‌ها و کدگذاری استفاده شد. ابزار تحقیق، مصاحبه باز بود و نتایج بر مبنای سه مرحله کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد که تعداد 109 کد باز و 22 کد محوری شناسایی گردید. عوامل علی شامل کدهای محوری نگرش کارآفرینانه، سرمایه انسانی کارآفرینانه و خط­‌مشی‌­های کارآفرینانه بود. پدیده محوری، متشکل از اقدامات اجرایی و مالکیت مطلوب بود. شرایط زمینه­ای شامل نهادینه­‌شدن کارآفرینی، شفافیت و بهبود مدیریت کسب‌وکار، وجود فرهنگ مشتری‌مداری و عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی بود. همچنین عوامل مداخله­‌گر از قوانین و مقررات، عوامل اقتصادی مالی پیش روی، قوانین حمایتی و تکنولوژی و فناوری اطلاعات تشکیل شده بود. راهبردهای مؤثر نیز شامل نیروهای متخصص، اعتمادسازی، تدوین سیاست­های حمایتی و مالی و برقراری ارتباط با کارآفرینان بود و در نهایت پیامدها شامل رشد کسب‌وکارهای ورزشی، توزیع عدالت در منابع مالی، بهره‌­وری اقتصادی و نگرش مثبت به کارآفرینان ورزشی به‌عنوان یک سرمایه اجتماعی بود. در نهایت می‌­توان گفت تأمین مالی جمعی، یکی از مواردی است که می‌­تواند باعث بهبود کسب‌وکار در حوزه ورزش گردد که باید مورد توجه کارآفرینان این حوزه قرار گیرد و ضروری است که بسترهای آن فراهم گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Presenting a Model of Optimal Use of Crowdfunding by Iranian Sports Entrepreneurs based on Grounded Theory

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdieh Hossein Aliani 1
  • Nematullah Nemati 2
  • Tahereh Bagherpour 2
1 PhD student, Department of Sports Management, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this study was to present a model of optimal use of crowdfunding by Iranian sports entrepreneurs based on grounded theory. The research methodology used were analytical and qualitative for this purpose. The research strategy was grounded theory based on Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The participants in the study included 16 university professors in the field of sports management, entrepreneurship management, sports entrepreneurs and activists in the field of sports businesses. Content analysis of the interviews and coding were used to analyze the data. The research tool was open interviews and the results were analyzed based on the three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results showed that 109 open codes and 22 axial codes were identified. Causal factors included the central codes of entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial human capital, and entrepreneurial policies. Underlying conditions included the institutionalization of entrepreneurship, transparency and improved business management, the existence of a customer-oriented culture, and cultural and social factors. In addition, the intervening factors consisted of laws and regulations, economic and financial factors ahead, protection laws and technology and information technology. Effective strategies included expertise, confidence building, supportive and financial policies, and communication with entrepreneurs. Finally, consequences included the growth of sports businesses, the distribution of equity in financial resources, economic productivity, and a positive attitude toward sports entrepreneurs as a social asset. It can be concluded that crowdfunding is a means of improving business in the field of sports, which should be considered by entrepreneurs in this field and entrepreneurs to provide the context.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crowdfunding
  • Sports entrepreneurs
  • Sports business
  • Economic productivity
  • Capital raising
Abdourazakou, Y., & Leroux-Sostenes, M-J. (2016). Crowd Funding: the New Frontier of Sports Sponsorship? International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 4(2), 18-26. https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJKSS/article/view/2330
Aghajani, H. A., Pour, M. A., & Rad, M. F. (2013). Investigation about Financing in Entrepreneurial Projects. Roshd -e- Fanavari, 9(36), 29-36. http://rimag.ricest.ac.ir/en/Article/20043
Aghamohammadi, S., Khosravizadeh, E., & Mondalizade, Z. (2021). Identify and validate strategies affecting strategic innovation in sports businesses. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, -(-), -. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.287687.1545
Agrawal, A., Catalini, C., & Goldfarb, A. (2015). Crowdfunding: Geography, Social Networks, and the Timing of Investment Decisions. Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 24(2), 253-274. https://doi.org/10.1111/jems.12093
Agrawal, A., Catalini, C., & Goldfarb, A. (2016). Are Syndicates the Killer App of Equity Crowdfunding? California Management Review, 58(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10. 1525/cmr.2016.58.2.111
Bahrami, P. (2015). Murabaha sukuk is a suitable tool for financing sports. Bourse Monthly, 52(121), 80-85. https://www.noormags.ir/view/en/articlepage/1089200
Blake, J., Fourie, S., & Goldman, M. (2019). The relationship between sports sponsorships and corporate financial returns in South Africa. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 20(1), 2-25. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-2016-0088
Brown, R., Rocha, A., & Cowling, M. (2020). Financing entrepreneurship in times of crisis: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 on the market for entrepreneurial finance in the United Kingdom. International Small Business Journal, 38(5), 380-390. https://doi. org/10.1177/0266242620937464
Cai, W., Polzin, F., & Stam, E. (2021). Crowdfunding and social capital: A systematic review using a dynamic perspective. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 162(1), 120412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120412
Chitsazan, H., & Pourbasir, M. (2022). Factors Affecting Backers’ Funding Intention in Crowdfunding Platforms. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 14(4), 599-618. https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2021.320354.653622
Chitsazan, H., Talebi, K., & Mohebali, A. (2017). Identifying and Prioritizing the Most Common Methods of Bootstrap Financing in IT-based Start-ups. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 10(1), 61-79. https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2017.62291
Danaeifard, H., Alvani, S. M., & Azar, A. (2004). Qualitative research methodology in management: a comprehensive approach. Ishraqi, Saffar https://www.gisoom.com/book/1282235/
Danaeifard, H., & Emami, S. M. (2007). Qualitative Research Strategies: A Reflection on Grounded Theory. Strategic Management Thought, 1(2), 69-97. https://doi.org/10.30497/smt. 2007.104
Davari, A., & Rezaei, H. R. (2006). The Role of Government Policies on Entrepreneurship Development. Iranian journal of management sciences, 1(2), 109-129. http://journa l.iams.ir/article_34.html?lang=en
Ghafouri Yazdi, M., Khabiri, M., Alidoust Ghahfarokhi, E., & Sharif Zadeh, M. J. (2021). Identifying Financing strategies in Iran's Professional Sports. Applied Research in Sport Management, 9(4), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.30473/arsm.2021.7624
Ghavamipour, M., & Khodami, M. (2018). Translation of the Global Entrepreneurship Report 2018. Entrepreneurship Development and Labor Productivity Office. https://karafar ini.mcls.gov.ir/fa/article/1158/
Grant, A. M., Berg, J. M., & Cable, D. M. (2014). Job titles as identity badges: How self-reflective titles can reduce emotional exhaustion. Academy of Management journal, 57(4), 1201-1225. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2012.0338
Hamidizadeh, M., Hajikarimi, A., Babaie, M., & Tabatabaee, N. S. (2010). Designing & Explanation Of Service Loyalty Model (Study Domain: Private Banks). Journal Of Business Administration Research, 1(2), 133-170. https://www.sid.ir/paper/360721/en
Harzer, A. (2013). Erfolgsfaktoren im crowdfunding (A. Will & D. Brüntje, Eds.). Universitätsverlag Ilmenau. https://www.db-thueringen.de/receive/dbt_mods_0002 0873
Hashemi Nekoo, A. R., Mobaraki, M. H., Rezaeian, A., & Imanipour, N. (2018). Goals, Beliefs and Decision Making Process of Business Angels. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 11(3), 561-850. https://doi.org/10.22059/jed.2018.259999.652629
Huth, C. (2018). Back to traditional stadium names. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 8(3), 214-234. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-05-2017-0027
Kuppuswamy, V., & Bayus, B. L. (2018). A review of crowdfunding research and findings. In P. Golder & D. Mitra (Eds.), Handbook of Research on New Product Development. Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/0.2139/ssrn.2685739
Li, H., Jin, H., Cao, J., Hua, Y., Kong, C., & Lin, L. (2011). Review of Financing Model of Stadium and Gymnasium Construction in China. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(5), 232-235. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n5p232
Mostafapour, M. (2016). A look at financing methods and tools; With an emphasis on the debt market. Economic Juornal, 16(7 & 8), 17-32. http://ejip.ir/article-1-877-en.html
Novak, I., Knežević, B., & Škrobot, P. (2018). Sport as An Entrepreneurial Activity and Possibility of Selfinancing Throughout Crowdfunding Platforms. International Journal Vallis Aurea, 4(1), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.2507/IJVA.4.1.5.47
Paschen, J. (2017). Choose wisely: Crowdfunding through the stages of the startup life cycle. Business Horizons, 60(2), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2016.11.003
Poursaeed, M. M., Hashemi, S. A., Forghani, M., & Barzegarpour, M. (2019). Identifying and categorization the mindset of bank depositors for crowdfunding in startup and knowledge based companies. Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 12(2), 199-181. https: //doi.org/10.22059/jed.2019.281305.653004
Ratten, V., & Ferreira, J. (2017). Entrepreneurship and sport innovation. Rutledge. https://w ww.routledge.com/Sport-Entrepreneurship-and-Innovation/Ratten-Ferreira/p/book /9781138941748
Rezae Soofi, M., & Shabani, A. (2014). The effect of mass media on sports financing. Communication Management in Sport Media, 1(3), 43-49. https://sportmedia.journa ls.pnu.ac.ir/article_864.html?lang=en
Ryu, S., Kim, K., & Hahn, J. (2019). The Effect of Crowdfunding Success on Subsequent Financing Outcomes of Start-ups. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2019(1), 17486. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2019.17486abstract
Scholz, N. (2015). The relevance of Crowdfunding: The impact on the innovation process of small entrepreneurial firms. Springer. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978--658-09837-7
Schwab, K. (2016). The Global Competitiveness Report 2016–2017. World Economic Forum. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GCR2016-2017/05FullReport/TheGlobalCompet itivenessReport2016-2017_FINAL.pdf
Simons, A., Kaiser, L. F., & Vom Brocke, J. (2019). Enterprise Crowdfunding: Foundations, Applications, and Research Findings. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 61(1), 113-121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-018-0568-7
Skinner, J., Edwards, A., & Corbett, B. (2014). Research methods for sport management. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Research-Methods-for-Sport-Management/ Skinner-Edwards-Corbett/p/book/9780415572569
Soltanifar, M. (2017, March 5). Completion of 4,000 unfinished sports projects requires 11,000 billion tomans of credit/ The Magpies do not use a single rial from the government budget. Irna. https://www.irna.ir/news/82452766/
Tonge, J. (2001). A review of small business literature part 2: Birth, growth and death of the small business. Manchester Metropolitan University. https://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/16 44/
Welter, F., & Smallbone, D. (2017). Entrepreneurship and enterprise strategies in transition economies: An institutional perspective. In D. A. Kirby & A. Watson (Eds.), Small firms and economic development in developed and transition economies: A Reader Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315192451-7/entrepreneurship-enterprise-strategies-transition-economies-institutional-perspec tive-friederike-welter-david-smallbone
Winborg, J. (2009). Use of financial bootstrapping in new businesses: a question of last resort? Venture Capital, 11(1), 71-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691060802351248
Xu, B., Zheng, H., Xu, Y., & Wang, T. (2016). Configurational paths to sponsor satisfaction in crowdfunding. Journal of Business Research, 69(2), 915-927. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.jbusres.2015.06.040