بررسی نقش تراکم عمودی و افقی در گونه‌شناسی مسکن شهری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 عضو هیأت علمی گروه برنامه ریزی شهری، طراحی شهری و منطقه‌ای، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 عضو هیأت علمی گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2022.345691.2142

چکیده

پژوهش‌های متعددی برای گونه‌بندی واحدهای مسکونی صورت گرفته و طبقه‌بندی‌های متنوعی بر اساس آن ارائه شده است. هدف از این مقاله بررسی نقش تراکم عمودی و افقی در گونه‌شناسی مسکن شهری به‌منظور بهبود سلامت انسان و محیط زندگی فعال شهروندان است. لذا در این مقاله به گونه‌شناسی مسکن از دیدگاه تراکم افقی و عمودی در معماری خانه‌سازی شهری پرداخته می‌شود و بر اساس خروجی‌های به‌دست‌آمده به بررسی عوامل مؤثر بر سلامت پرداخته می‌شود. فرضیات این پژوهش بر اساس میزان تأثیرگذاری تراکم مسکونی بر روی انعطاف و تغییرپذیری، نوع چیدمان محیطی، تعداد خانه‌های غیر متصل بر ادراک ساکنان از محل سکونتشان است. پژوهش حاضر در زمرۀ تحقیقات کاربردی بوده و از جهت ماهیت و روش جزو تحقیقات توصیفی غیرآزمایشی است. در این پژوهش برای نمونه‌گیری از فرمول کوکران استفاده ‌شده و تعداد ۳۸۵ پرسش‌نامه گردآوری‌شده است. نوع انتخاب نمونه به‌صورت تصادفی است و از بین مهندسان و متخصصان معماری منتخب از سازمان نظام‌مهندسی استان تهران که دارای حداقل ۱۵ سال سابقه فعالیت مرتبط و تجربه کاری می‌باشند انتخاب شده است. روش گردآوری اطلاعات در این تحقیق استفاده از پرسش‌نامه و نیز استفاده از اطلاعات کتابخانه‌ای و مراجعه به اسناد موجود در مقالات علمی و معتبر و درک و استنباط از این اطلاعات است. روایی پرسش‌نامه با تدوین پرسش‌ها بر اساس مبانی نظری تحقیق و با اظهارنظر و تأیید مهندسان و متخصصان معماری منتخب فوق حاصل‌شده است و به‌منظور تأیید پایایی پرسش‌نامه از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ استفاده‌شده است که مقادیر بالای ۷/۰ است که قابل‌قبول می‌باشند. آزمون میانگین بر روی فرضیه‌های اصلی و اختصاصی در نرم‌افزار ۲۲ SPSS و در سطح اطمینان ۹۵/۰ محاسبه‌شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد تمامی فرضیه‌های پژوهش مورد تأیید قرارگرفته است. درنتیجه این پژوهش، عوامل مؤثر در سلامت انسان و محیط زندگی شناسایی گردید و پیشنهاد‌هایی برای به‌کارگیری تمامی عوامل ارائه گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Role of Vertical and Horizontal Density in Urban Housing Typology

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shima Sadeghzadeh Nazari 1
  • َAli Ghaffari 2
  • Fatemeh Rostami 3
1 Master of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran.
2 Faculty Member of the Department of Urban Planning, Urban and Regional Design, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University (SBU), Tehran, Iran.
3 Faculty Member of the Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

A great deal of research has been carried out on the classification of residential units and various classifications have been presented. The purpose of this article was to investigate the role of vertical and horizontal density in urban housing typology in order to improve human health and the active living environment of citizens. Therefore, in this article, the typology of housing was discussed from the perspective of horizontal and vertical density in urban housing architecture, and based on the results obtained, factors affecting health were discussed. The assumptions of this research were based on the impact of residential density on flexibility and changeability, the type of environmental arrangement, the number of unconnected houses on the residents' perception of their place of residence. The current research was applied and descriptive non-experimental in terms of its nature and method. Cochran's formula was used for sampling and 385 questionnaires were collected. Sample selection was random and included engineers and architectural specialists at the engineering system organization of Tehran province with at least 15 years of related activity and work experience. Data collection method was through the use of a questionnaire as well as library study by referring to available documents in scientific and authoritative articles. The validity of the questionnaire was obtained by formulating the questions based on the theoretical foundations of the research and with the comments and approval of the above-selected engineers and architectural experts. In order to confirm the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used and values ​​above 0.7 were considered acceptable. The mean test was calculated on the main and specific hypotheses in SPSS22 software and at a confidence level of 0.95. The results demonstrated that all research hypotheses were confirmed. As a result of this research, effective factors in human health and living environment were identified and recommendations were made for using all factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Horizontal density
  • Vertical density
  • Housing typology
  • Quality of life of citizens
  • Settlement architecture

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فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60
هنر و معماری | کشاورزی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 233-259

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 مرداد 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 مهر 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 آبان 1401

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