طراحی، ساخت و ارزیابی ماشین برداشت ارتعاشی مجهز به وزنه‌های خارج از مرکز جهت برداشت سیب ترش (Malus domestica)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسنده

عضو هیات علمی،گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه ای تهران، ایران

10.48301/kssa.2022.320010.1908

چکیده

در این پژوهش یک ماشین برداشت ارتعاشی هیدرولیکی از نوع وزنه‌های خارج از مرکز، طراحی، ساخت و ارزیابی ­شد. طراحی سیستم ارتعاشی بر اساس مدل ارتعاشی شاخه انجام و بدین منظور خواص مکانیکی واریته سیب ترش شیرازی شامل فرکانس طبیعی، ثابت میرایی، ضریب میرایی و سختی شاخه  جهت استفاده در این مدل محاسبه ­شد. در مرحله بعد برای ارزیابی کارایی ماشین برداشت ارتعاشی از جهت میزان جداسازی و برداشت ­میوه سیب ­ترش در فرکانس، دامنه و زمان‌های مختلف، آزمایش فاکتوریل (3×3×3) در قالب یک طرح کاملا ­تصادفی طراحی و انجام‌    ­شد. تیمارها عبارت بودند از فرکانس در سطوح 20 ،25 و 30 هرتز ، دامنه در سطوح 60،50 و 70 میلی­متر و زمان ارتعاش در سطوح 10،5 و 15 ثانیه. نتایج تحلیل وارایانس مبین اثر­معنی­دار (p<0.01) فرکانس نوسان و دامنۀ نوسان و اثر ­متقابل آنها در افزایش ریزش میوه بود. در دامنه‌های پایین با  افزایش فرکانس ارتعاش در  ریزش میوه اثر معنی­داری حاصل ­نشد ولی در دامنۀ بالای 60 میلی متر اثر افزایش فرکانس معنی­دار بود. بنابراین در برداشت میوه سیب ترش،  اثر افزایش دامنه نوسان  نسبت به فرکانس بر افزایش ریزش میوه نتیجه­گیری شد. همچنین بررسی رابطۀ نیروی استانیکی جدایش سیب نسبت به وزن به صورت یک رابطۀ خطی برازش داده­شد. با افزایش زمان ارتعاش از 5 ثانیه به 10 ثانیه، ریزش میوه افزایش­داشت ولی با افزایش زمان ارتعاش از 10 به 15 ثانیه اثر معنی داری به دست ­نیامد. بر اساس نتایج، فرکانس برداشت میوه سیب ترش برابر 25 هرتز در دامنۀ 70 میلی­متر و مدت زمان ارتعاش 10 ثانیه با میانگین ریزش 4/88 درصد به عنوان بهترین تیمار انتخاب شد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Design, Construction and Evaluation of an off-Center Weight Vibratory Harvester for Sour Apple

نویسنده [English]

  • Mojtaba Foroozandehnasab
Faculty member,Department of Agricultural engineering,Technical and Vocational University(TVU),Tehran,Iran
چکیده [English]

This study was performed to design, construct and evaluate an off-center hydraulic vibratory‌‌‌‌ harvesting‌ machine. A single-degree of freedom spring-mass model was established to determine the natural frequency, damping constant, damping coefficient and stiffness based on mechanical properties of the limb. Then, to evaluate the efficiency of machine in terms of apple removal, a factorial experiment (3 × 3 × 3) with completely randomized design was conducted to investigate the shaking amplitude, shaking frequency and shaking time of apple removal. Three levels of oscillating frequency (20, 25 and 30 Hz), three levels of shaking amplitude (50, 60 and 70 mm) and three shaking times (5, 10 and 15 seconds) were investigated. Analysis of the variance of the fruit removal percentage showed that both shaking frequency and shaking amplitude had highly significant (p <0.01) effect on fruit detachment. Interactive effect of amplitude and frequency on fruit removal had a significant effect. By increasing vibration frequency in tree, a significant effect was not obtained but in the range above 60 mm, the effect of increasing the frequency was highly significant. Therefore, in apple harvesting, the effect of increasing the shaking amplitude relative to the shaking frequency on fruit removal was determined. Furthermore, the study of the relationship between the static force of detachment and weight was fitted as a linear relationship. By increasing the shaking time from 5 seconds to 10 seconds, harvesting increased while increasing the time from 10 to 15 seconds, no significant effect was achieved. Based on the results, the harvesting frequency of sour apples equal to 25 Hz at the amplitude of 70 mm and shaking duration of 10 seconds with an average fruit removal rate of 88.4% was selected as the best treatment.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit Detachment
  • Mechanical Properties
  • Static Force
  • Shaking Amplitude
  • Shaking Frequency
  • Vibratory Harvesting Machine

مراجع

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فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 19، شماره 4 - شماره پیاپی 60
هنر و معماری | کشاورزی
اسفند 1401
صفحه 487-514

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 فروردین 1401

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