تاثیر رهبری اصیل بر نوآوری‎ ‎سازمانی: نقش میانجی تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی (مورد مطالعه: ‏کارکنان دانشگاه کاشان)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت آموزشی، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2021.273997.1401

چکیده

تحقیقات نشان داده که متغیرهایی مانند رهبری اصیل، تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی بین کارکنان می‌تواند نقش موثری در افزایش نوآوری سازمانی داشته باشد. لذا هدف پژوهش حاضر، تاثیر رهبری اصیل بر نوآوری‎ ‎سازمانی با نقش میانجی تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی در بین کارکنان دانشگاه کاشان بود. پژوهش حاضر، از نوع مطالعات علی و جامعه آماری شامل کارکنان و مدیران ستادی دانشگاه کاشان به تعداد 377 نفر بود که با استفاده از فرمول کوکران و به شیوه‌ی تصادفی ساده، 239 نفر به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. به منظور جمع آوری داده ها از چهار پرسشنامه‌ی رهبری اصیل، نوآوری سازمانی، تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی استفاده شد. روایی محتوایی و سازه پرسشنامه ها تایید شد. با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ، پایایی پرسشنامه رهبری اصیل 79/0، نوآوری سازمانی 70/0، تسهیم دانش 98/0 و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی 90/0 برآورد شد. تحلیل داده‌های پژوهش با استفاده از نرم افزارهای آماری در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی انجام گردید. یافته‌ها نشان داد سبک رهبری اصیل، تسهیم دانش و سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی قابلیت پیش‌بینی نوآوری سازمانی در بین کارکنان را دارند و نقش میانجی سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی و تسهیم دانش در تاثیر رهبری اصیل روی نوآوری سازمانی بین کارکنان، مثبت و معنادار شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Innovation: The Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing and Social Capital (Case Study: Staff at University of Kashan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Hadian 1
  • Hamid Rahimi 2
1 MA Student, Educational Management, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanity, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanity, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Research has shown that variables such as authentic leadership, knowledge sharing and social capital among employees can play an effective role in increasing organizational innovation. Thus, this research examines the impact of authentic leadership on organizational innovation with mediating role of knowledge sharing and social capital among staff of the University of Kashan. The present study was a causal study and statistical population consisted of all staff and managers at University of Kashan (N=377) using Cochran’s Formula and simple randomized sampling, where 229 participants were selected as the sample. To collect data, the four questionnaires of authentic leadership, organizational innovation, knowledge sharing and social capital were used. Questionnaire content and construction validity were confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and the questionnaires’ reliability were estimated equal to 0.79 for authentic leadership, 0.70 for organizational innovation, 0.98 for knowledge sharing and 0.90 for social capital. Data analyses were conducted at the two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics through statistical softwares. Findings showed that authentic leadership style, knowledge sharing and social capital had the capability of predicting organizational innovation among employees and the mediating role of social capital and knowledge sharing in the impact of authentic leadership on organizational innovation among employees was positive and significant.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Authentic leadership
  • Organizational innovation
  • Knowledge sharing
  • Social capital
Abili, K., Faraji Dehsorkhi, H., Shateri, K., & Youzbashi, A. R. (2011). Surveying Relation between Social Asset and Tendency to Innovation among Staffs of University of Tehran. Teaching and Learning Research, 8(2), 79-90. http://tlr.shahed.ac.ir/article _2304_58cd95c3e16d9c10d2108b52e22b0c21.pdf
Adler, P. S., & Kwon, S-W. (2002). Social Capital: Prospects for a New Concept. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 17-40. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2002.5922314
Ahmad, F., & Karim, M. (2019). Impacts of knowledge sharing: a review and directions for future research. Journal of Workplace Learning, 31(3), 207-230. https://doi.org/10. 1108/JWL-07-2018-0096
Ahmad, I., Zafar, M. A., & Shahzad, K. (2015). Authentic Leadership Style and Academia’s Creativity in Higher Education Institutions: Intrinsic Motivation and Mood as Mediators. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, 11(46), 5-19. https:// www.rtsa.ro/tras/index.php/tras/article/view/448
Ahmadzadeh, S., & Shokouh, Z. (2020). The Role of Social Capital in the Realization of Organizational Innovation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Explaining the Mediating Role of Sustainable Human Resource Management. Innovation Management in Defensive Organizations, 3(3), 151-178. https://doi.org/10.22034/qjimdo.2020.2091 16.1226
Akbari, M., Pourvali, B., & Rezaei, N. (2016). Authentic Leadership And Psychological Capital: Effect Role Mediator Of Trust And Psychological Contract Breach. Journal Of Public Administration, 8(3), 511-532. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper. aspx?ID=576097
Akturan, A., & Çekmecelioğlu, H. G. (2016). The Effects of Knowledge Sharing and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Creative Behaviors in Educational Institutions. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 342-350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.11.042
Al-Husseini, S. J. H. (2014). The impact of leadership style on innovation in Iraq's higher education institutions: the role of knowledge sharing [Doctor, Plymouth]. United Kingdom. https://pearl.plymouth.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10026.1/3108/2014%20A l-husseini10240761phd.pdf.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Al-Omari, M. A. M., & Hung, D. K. M. (2012). Transformational leadership and organizational innovation: The moderating effect of emotional intelligence. International Business Management, 6(3), 308-316. https://10.3923/ibm.2012.308.316
Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity In Context: Update To The Social Psychology Of Creativity. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Creativity-In-Context-Update-To-The-Social-Psychology-Of-Creativity/Amabile/p/book/9780813330341
Andreeva, T., & Kianto, A. (2012). Does knowledge management really matter? Linking knowledge management practices, competitiveness and economic performance. Journal of Knowledge Management, 16(4), 617-636. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673271211246185
Asadi, S., Dargahi, H., Fallah Mehrabadi, E., & Heydari Dastjerdi, N. (2018). The Relationship between Organizational Innovation and Creativity among the Staff of TUMS General Hospitals. Payavard Salamat, 11(5), 578-587. http://payavard.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6406-en.html http://payavard.tums.ac.ir/article-1-6406-en.pdf
Avolio, B. J., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2014). Authentic leadership theory, research and practice: Steps taken and steps that remain. In The Oxford handbook of leadership and organizations. Oxford University Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2014-16828 -016
Awazzadeh, H. (2015). The relationship between knowledge management and innovative organizational climate with employees' innovative behavior [Master, Mohaghegh Ardabili]. Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir//#/articles/ae21e0ffb6693de638b439bef0d 41039
Bahrami, S., Moshtaghi, M., & Rok Rok, M. (2018). Investigating the Effects of Employee Knowledge Sharing Behaviors on Innovation in Services and Processes in Selected Sports Federations. Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, 5(16), 1-19. https:// doi.org/10.22054/jks.2019.39552.1215
Bahrami, S., Yarmohammadian, M. H., Rajaeepour, S., Bakhtiar Nasrabadi, H. A., & Kazemi, I. (2011). Administrative And Technical Innovation In Medical And Non-Medical Universities Of Isfahan Province. Health Information Management, 7(Special Issue), 707-714. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=201131
Bass, B. M., &  Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2 ed.). Psychology press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410617095
Bendak, S., Shikhli, A. M., & Abdel-Razek, R. H. (2020). How changing organizational culture can enhance innovation: Development of the innovative culture enhancement framework. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1712 125
Bledow, R., Frese, M., Anderson, N., Erez, M., & Farr, J. (2009). A Dialectic Perspective on Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, and Ambidexterity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2(3), 305-337. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.20 09.01154.x
Brooks, K., & Nafukho, F. M. (2006). Human resource development, social capital, emotional intelligence: any link to productivity? Journal of European industrial training, 30(2), 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590610651258
Chang, J., Bai, X., & Li, J. J. (2015). The influence of leadership on product and process innovations in China: The contingent role of knowledge acquisition capability. Industrial Marketing Management, 50, 18-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman. 2015.04.014
Chen, M-H., Chang, Y-C., & Hung, S-C. (2008). Social capital and creativity in R&D project teams. Research & Revelopment Management, 38(1), 21-34. https://doi.org/10.1111 /j.1467-9310.007.00494.x
Crawford, J. A., Dawkins, S., Martin, A., & Lewis, G. (2020). Putting the leader back into authentic leadership: Reconceptualising and rethinking leaders. Australian Journal of Management, 45(1), 114-133. https://doi.org/10.1177/0312896219836460
Dalkir, K. (2013). Knowledge management in theory and practice (3 ed.). Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press. https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Management-Theory-Practice-Press/dp/0262036878
Datta, B. (2015). Assessing the effectiveness of authentic leadership. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 9(1), 62-75. https://www.regent.edu/wp-content/uploads/202 0/12/2-IJLS.pdf
Dehghan Sefidkooh, M., Shabani, A., & Rajaeepour, S. (2018). A Study of Relationship between Knowledge Sharing and Self-efficacy of Researchers Working at Malek Ashtar University of Technology (MUT). Library and Information Science Research, 7(2), 273-291. https://doi.org/10.22067/riis.v7i2.60947
Dehghanan, H., & Hrandi, A. O. (2014). Investigating the Impacts of Social Capital on Innovation Performance with an Emphasis on the Mediatory Role of Knowledge Transfer: A Case Study of Iranian IT Knowledge-based Firms. Innovation Management Journal, 3(1), 1-22. http://www.nowavari.ir/article_14671_762a43d0 3d2302876bda83321723c785.pdf
Ebtekari, M. H. (2017). The extent of using knowledge management in government organizations under the study of education in Rostam city, Fars province. Applied studies in management and development sciences, 2(1), 45-55. http://ensani.ir/file/download/article/201707181 53804-10117-5.pdf
Eisenbeiss, S. A., & Boerner, S. (2010). Transformational Leadership and R&D Innovation: Taking a Curvilinear Approach. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(4), 364-372. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00563.x
Ekrami, M., & Naeimi Majd, A. (2013). The Development Of Knowledge Management Based On Organizational Culture. Innovation In Management Education (Journal Of Modern Thoughts In Education), 8(3), 19-34. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID =392354
Elenkov, D. S., & Manev, I. M. (2005). Top Management Leadership and Influence on Innovation: The Role of Sociocultural Context. Journal of Management, 31(3), 381-402. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206304272151
Engström, K., Mattsson, F., Järleborg, A., & Hallqvist, J. (2008). Contextual social capital as a risk factor for poor self-rated health: A multilevel analysis. Social Science & Medicine, 66(11), 2268-2280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.019
Fauziyah, Z. W. R. (2020, October 13-14). The Role of Knowledge Sharing and Innovation on Employee Performance. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Sustainable Innovation 2020-Accounting and Management, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. https://doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.210121.019
Fayyaz, A., Chaudhry, B. N., & Fiaz, M. (2021). Upholding Knowledge Sharing for Organization Innovation Efficiency in Pakistan. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010004
Francis, D., & Bessant, J. (2005). Targeting innovation and implications for capability development. Technovation, 25(3), 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation. 2004.03.004
Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The social virtues and the creation of prosperity. Simon and Schuster. https://www.amazon.com/Trust-Social-Virtues-Creation-Prosperity/dp/0 684825252
Furmańczyk, J. (2010). The cross-cultural leadership aspect. Journal of Intercultural Management, 2(2), 67-82. http://joim.pl/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/JOIM-2-2.pd f#page=67
Fussell, H., Harrison‐Rexrode, J., Kennan, W. R., & Hazleton, V. (2006). The relationship between social capital, transaction costs, and organizational outcomes. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 11(2), 148-161. https://doi.org/10.110 8/13563280610661688
Gardner, W. L., Cogliser, C. C., Davis, K. M., & Dickens, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership: A review of the literature and research agenda. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(6), 1120-1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.007
Ghanbari, S., Zandi, K., & Seifpanahi, H. (2016). Factorial Structure and Internal Consistency of Authentic Leadership. Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement, 1395(24), 57-67. http://www.jdem.ir/article_505_088f46804e0083c3be54d71cd76299e7.pdf
Ghesarain, E., & Sepednameh, B. (2014). The Study of The Extent of Social Capital Among High School Teachers In Ilam Province. Social Development & Welfare Planning, 6(19), 112-158. https://doi.org/10.22054/qjsd.2015.690
Ghilichli, B. (2012). Knowledge management: the process of creating, sharing and applying intellectual capital in businesses (3 ed.). Samt. https://www.gisoom.com/book/1109 1948/
Golmoradi, R., & Sattari Ardabili, F. (2016). The Effects of Social Capital and Leadership Styles on Organizational Learning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 230, 372-378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.047
Grošelj, M., Černe, M., Penger, S., & Grah, B. (2020). Authentic and transformational leadership and innovative work behaviour: the moderating role of psychological empowerment. European Journal of Innovation Management, 24(3), 677-706. https://doi.org/10.1108/ EJIM-10-2019-0294
Gumusluoglu, L., & Ilsev, A. (2009). Transformational leadership, creativity, and organizational innovation. Journal of Business Research, 62(4), 461-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbus res.2007.07.032
Hamidizadeh, A., Shahidzadeh, F., & Movahedifar, E. (2014). Effect of Components of Social Capital on Organizational Innovation (Study in Telecommunication Company of Qom). Social Capital Management, 1(2), 203-223. https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2014.53462
Heidari, M., Shabanibahar, G., Erfani, N., & Soleymani, M. (2019). The developing structural modeling of an organizational innovation based on the social capital among youth and sport ministry staffs of Islamic republic of Iran. Scientific Journal Of Organizational Behavior Management in Sport Studies, 5(4), 53-64. https://doi.org/10.30473/fmss.2018 .37631.1718
Hislop, D. (2013). Knowledge Management in Organizations: A Critical Introduction (3 ed.). Oxford University Press. https://www.amazon.com/Knowledge-Management-Orga nizations-Critical-Introduction/dp/0199691932
Ibrahim, S., & Heng, L. H. (2015). The Roles of Learning in Stimulating Knowledge Sharing at SMEs. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172, 230-237. https://doi.org/1 0.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.359
Jafarzadehkermani, Z. (2016). The Analysis Of The Influence Of Individual Factors On The Knowledge Sharing Behavior Of Library And Information Science Faculties. Library And Information Research Journal (Studies In Education & Psychology), 5(2), 40-61. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=533083
Jansen, J. J. P., Vera, D., & Crossan, M. (2009). Strategic leadership for exploration and exploitation: The moderating role of environmental dynamism. The Leadership Quarterly, 20(1), 5-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.11.008
Jiang, W., Gu, Q., & Wang, G. G. (2015). To Guide or to Divide: The Dual-Side Effects of Transformational Leadership on Team Innovation. Journal of Business and Psychology, 30(4), 677-691. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-014-9395-0
Jirawuttinunt, S., & Wongsahai, E. (2021). The effects of social capital orientation on innovation performance of SME sector in Thailand. Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Studies (Former Name Silpakorn University Journal Of Social Sciences, Humanities, And Arts), 21(1), 109-120. https://doi.org/10.14456/hasss.2021.11
Keshavarzi, A., Safari, S., & Hamidirad, J. (2015). Investigating the Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Learning, Innovation and Organizational Performance. Government Management Viewpoint, 6(2), 103-128. https://jpap.sbu.ac.ir/article_95438_7c82fb2698dd51d948c2 4f3403a8fd4c.pdf?lang=en
Kheykha, Z., &  Nastiezaie, N. (2020). The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Effectiveness of schools Management with Mediating Role of Knowledge Sharing. Journal of Educational Psychology Studies, 17(39), 145-172. https://doi.org/10.22111/jeps.2020.5 316
Kim, H. H-S. (2018). Investigating the Associations between Ethnic Networks, Community Social Capital, and Physical Health among Marriage Migrants in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010147
Kumar, B. R. S., Thiagarajan, D. M., Maniiarasan, D. P., Prasanth, J., Abilesh, G., & Srinivasan, D. (2013). Enhancement in higher education with knowledge management. International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research, 2(3), 569-573. https://scholar. google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=sTAG-WEAAAAJ&citatio n_for_view=sTAG-WEAAAAJ:LkG wnXOMwfcC
Ladkin, D., & Taylor, S. S. (2010). Enacting the ‘true self’: Towards a theory of embodied authentic leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 21(1), 64-74. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.leaqua.2009.10.005
Leana, C. R., & Pil, F. K. (2006). Social Capital and Organizational Performance: Evidence from Urban Public Schools. Organization Science, 17(3), 353-366. https://doi.org/1 0.1287/orsc.1060.0191
Lee, P., Gillespie, N., Mann, L., & Wearing, A. (2010). Leadership and trust: Their effect on knowledge sharing and team performance. Management Learning, 41(4), 473-491. https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507610362036
Lee, Y. D., & Chang, H. M. (2006). Leadership Style And Innovation Ability: An Empirical Study Of Taiwanese Wire And Cable Companies. Journal Of American Academy Of Business Cambridge 9(2), 218-223. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.as px?ID=296836
Letsios, C., & Mavrogianni, K. (2017). Examining the effect of leadership styles on organizational innovation in high-tech industry [Master, Blekinge Institute of Technology]. Karlskrona, Sweden. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-15485
Mahmoudi, H., Dayani, M. H., &  Parirokh, M. (2013). Analytical Study of Knowledge Management In Academic Libraries (Case Study: Libraries of Ferdowsi University and Medical University of Mashhad). Library and Information Science Research, 3(2), 91-112. https: //doi.org/10.22067/riis.v3i2.10403
Maria Stock, R., Zacharias, N. A., & Schnellbaecher, A. (2017). How Do Strategy and Leadership Styles Jointly Affect Co-development and Its Innovation Outcomes? Journal of Product Innovation Management, 34(2), 201-222. https://doi.org/10.111 1/jpim.12332
Mathew, V. (2010). Service delivery through knowledge management in higher education. Journal of knowledge Management practice, 11(3), 1-14. http://www.tlainc.com/art icl234.htm
Mehdad, A., & Samimi, N. (2019). Mediating Role of Psychological Capital between Authentic Leadership, Job Satisfaction, Job Insecurity and Intention to job leave. Scientific Journal of Social Psychology, 6(49), 45-59. https://civilica.com/doc/1364977/
Munyaka, S. A., Boshoff, A. B., Pietersen, J., & Snelgar, R. (2017). The relationships between authentic leadership, psychological capital, psychological climate, team commitment and intention to quit. Sabinet AfricanJournal of Industrial Psychology, 43(1), 1-11. http://www.scielo.org.za/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2071-076320170001000 15&nrm=iso
Nahapiet, J., & Ghoshal, S. (1998). Social Capital, Intellectual Capital, and the Organizational Advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(2), 242-266. https://doi.org/10.5465/a mr.1998.533225
Nasiri, F., Eskandari, A., & Navidi, P. (2015). A Survey of Impact Authentic Leadership on Improvement Creativity and Innovation, due to the Mediator Role of Social Capital. Social Capital Management, 2(4), 475-496. https://doi.org/10.22059/jscm.2015.567 48
Niknami, M., Taghiporzahir, A., Delavar, A., & GHafari, M. (2010). The Design and Evaluation of a Causal Model of Creativityand Innovation of Educational Administrators in Tehran. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Administration, 1(3), 1-28. http://jedu.marv dasht.iau.ir/article_1063_fa601257f083 f4c397e6c0f81ac26918.pdf
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and Practice (7 ed.). SAGE Publications. https:/ /www.amazon.com/Leadership-Practice-Peter-G-Northouse/dp/1483317536
Ojasalo, J. (2008). Management of innovation networks: a case study of different approaches. European Journal of Innovation Management, 11(1), 51-86. https://doi.org/10.1108 /14601060810845222
Prasad, B., & Junni, P. (2016). CEO transformational and transactional leadership and organizational innovation. Management Decision, 54(7), 1542-1568. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2014-0651
Putnam, R. D. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.1995.0002
Rabia, K., Abaid, U. R., & Afsheen, F. (2009). Transformational leadership and organizational innovation: Moderated by organizational size. African Journal of Business Management, 3(11), 678-684. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM09.203
Rajaeepour, S., Choupani, H., Zare Khalili, M., Gholamzadeh, H., & Kazempour, M. (2013). The Role of Social Capital in Innovation Orientation in Mo'alem (Teachers) Insurance Company. Management and Development Process, 26(1), 161-189. http://jmdp.ir/ar ticle-1-1624-en.html http://jmdp.ir/article-1-1624-en.pdf
Ransom, A., Khoo, S. M., & Selvaratnam, V. (1993). Improving higher education in developing countries. World Bank. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44818390_Improvin g_higher_education_in_developing_countries
Rashidi, Z. (2018). Analyzing the status of educational quality in Iranian universities and providing solutions to improve it. Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education. Education. https://irphe.ac.ir/files/site1/files/Book/8_Books/6.pdf
Rastgar, A. A., & Hemmati, A. (2016). The Effect of Knowledge Management Components on Organizational Innovation among the Employees of Semnan University. Knowledge Retrieval and Semantic Systems, 3(7), 121-140. https://doi.org/10.22054/jks.2016.7241
Renzl, B. (2008). Trust in management and knowledge sharing: The mediating effects of fear and knowledge documentation. Omega, 36(2), 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.o mega.2006.06.005
Ribeiro, N.,  Duarte, A. P., Filipe, R., & Torres de Oliveira, R. (2020). How Authentic Leadership Promotes Individual Creativity: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 27(2), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480 51819842796
Sadiq Sohail, M., & Daud, S. (2009). Knowledge sharing in higher education institutions. VINE, 39(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/03055720910988841
Salimi, G., & Abd Sharifi, F. (2015). The mediating role of organizational learning in the relationship between human resource management practices and organizational innovation. Training and development of human resources, 2(4), 75-99. http://ensan i.ir/fa/article/347903/
Schumpeter, J. A. (1983). The theory of economic development: An inquiry into profits, capital, credit, interest, and the business cycle. Transaction Publishers. https://books.google.com /books/about/The_Theory_of_Economic_Development.html?id=-OZwWcOGeOwC
Sednaghavi, M., & Kaheh, M. (2014). The role of authentic leadership in promote employees enthusiasm and creativity. Management Studies in Development & Evolution, 23(76), 1-28. https://jmsd.atu.ac.ir/article_857.html?lang=en
Si, S., & Wei, F. (2012). Transformational and transactional leaderships, empowerment climate, and innovation performance: A multilevel analysis in the Chinese context. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 21(2), 299-320. https://doi.org/10.108 0/1359432X.2011.570445
Thompson, M. (2018). Social capital, innovation and economic growth. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 73, 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2018.01.005
Turkina, E., & Thi Thanh Thai, M. (2013). Social capital, networks, trust and immigrant entrepreneurship: a cross‐country analysis. Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 7(2), 108-124. https://doi.org/10.1108/1 7506201311325779
Van Den Hooff, B., & De Ridder, J. A. (2004). Knowledge sharing in context: the influence of organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC use on knowledge sharing. Journal of Knowledge Management, 8(6), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1108 /13673270410567675
Von Dem Knesebeck, O. (2015). Concepts of social epidemiology in health services research. BioMed Central Health Services Research, 15(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s129 13-015-1020-z
Wallis, J., Killerby, P., & Dollery, B. (2004). Social economics and social capital. International Journal of Social Economics, 31(3), 239-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/03068290410518 238
Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic Leadership: Development and Validation of a Theory-Based Measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630730891 3
Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2004). The development and validation of the organisational innovativeness construct using confirmatory factor analysis. European Journal of Innovation Management, 7(4), 303-313. https://doi.org/10.1108/146010604105650 56
Wiewiora, A., &  Kowalkiewicz, A. (2019). The role of authentic assessment in developing authentic leadership identity and competencies. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(3), 415-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1516730
Yarmohammadzadeh, P., &  Dadashzadeh, M. (2015). Study the role of cultural intelligence and social capital in teachers Job compatibility: Testing mediating role of social capital. New Educational Approaches  10(1), 41-66. https://nea.ui.ac.ir/article_191 26_a7f2ca440c10d674a041e7692ab4e8fb.pdf
Yu, T-K., Lu, L-C., & Liu, T-F. (2010). Exploring factors that influence knowledge sharing behavior via weblogs. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(1), 32-41. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.chb.2009.08.002
Zahedi, M. R., & Naghdi Khanachah, S. (2019). Measuring the Impact of Organizational Social Capital on Organizational Innovation (Case Study: Iran Khodro Industrial Group). Quarterly journal of Industrial Technology Development, 17(37), 37-44. http://jtd.iranjournals.ir/article_38205_7e4ef2c2826da1aa0b5cc6ce24962b2b.pdf
Zand Hesami, H., & Tariyan Daronkola, A. (2017). Evaluating the impact of knowledge management on organizational innovation in Construction companies and building mass. Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement, 1395(special issue), 139-151. http://www.jdem.ir/article_534565_6886cdd4398b698791c1b32dc45588df.p df
Zare’ Shahabadi, A., Eslami, B., & MahdiPour Khorasani, M. (2019). The Effect of Social Capital on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction in Yazd. Quarterly Journal Of Family and Research, 16(1), 83-100. http://qjfr.ir/article-1-1004-en.html http://qjfr.ir/article-1-1004-en.pdf