عوامل مؤثر بر ترویج و توسعه فعالیت‌های کشاورزی ارگانیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیئت علمی، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، فارس، ایران.

2 عضو هیئت علمی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی بوشهر، بوشهر، ایران.

3 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه ترویج و آموزش کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، فارس، ایران.

چکیده

افزایش نیاز جوامع بشری به امنیت غذایی و توسعه علم و فناوری‌های نوین، نظیر تولید ارقام پرمحصول، استفاده از نهاده‌های شیمیایی و مهندسی ژنتیک دارای اثرات مخرب بر محیط‌زیست و منابع طبیعی است؛ لذا تلاش­های گسترده­ای برای معرفی کشاورزی جایگزین به‌عنوان یکی از راه‌حل‌های دستیابی به توسعه پایدار مطرح شده است. کشاورزی ارگانیک، نوعی کشاورزی پایدار با هدف ایجاد سیستم‌های تولیدی کشاورزی یکپارچه، نظام‌یافته و انسانی است که تضادی با منافع زیست‌محیطی و اقتصادی نداشته باشد. هدف پژوهش حاضر، واکاوی عوامل مؤثر بر فعالیت‌های کشاورزی ارگانیک در بین زارعین استان بوشهر می‌باشد. این پژوهش با بهره‌گیری از پیمایش، به جمع‌آوری اطلاعات از 67 کشاورز در دو منطقه استان بوشهر با روش نمونه­گیری طبقه‌بندی تصادفی پرداخته است. روایی صوری و پایایی پرسشنامه به ترتیب توسط استادان دانشگاه و مرکز تحقیقات جهاد کشاورزی و انجام یک مطالعه راهنما تأیید شد. دامنه ضرایب آلفای کرونباخ بین 6/0 تا 91/0 به‌دست آمد. یافته‌های مدل‌های معادلات ساختاری حاصل از داده‌های دو منطقه مورد مطالعه نشان داد که مؤلفه‌هایی همچون دانش اصول کشاورزی ارگانیک، نگرش نسبت به حفظ محیط‌زیست، نگرش نسبت به سلامتی انسان، آگاهی از پیامدهای منفی کشاورزی متداول و نگرش نسبت به گروه مرجع بر نگرش کشاورزان و رفتارهای آنان نسبت به شیوه‌های کشاورزی ارگانیک تأثیر دارند. در نهایت، پیشنهادهایی در راستای تشویق زارعین برای به‌کارگیری کشاورزی ارگانیک ارائه شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors Affecting the Extension and Development of Organic Farming Activities

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahsa Fatemi 1
  • Nozar Monfared 2
  • Kurosh Rezaei-Moghaddam 1
  • Fatemeh Badzaban 3
1 Faculty Member, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran.
2 Faculty Member, Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Bushehr, Iran.
3 MSc, Department of Agricultural Extension and Education, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Increasing human societies' need for food security and the development of new science and technology, such as the production of high-yielding cultivars, the use of chemical inputs and genetic engineering, have devastating effects on the environment and natural resources. Therefore, extensive efforts have been made to introduce alternative agriculture as one of the ways to achieve sustainable development. Organic farming is a type of sustainable agriculture with the aim of creating integrated, systematic and humane agricultural production systems that are not in conflict with environmental and economic benefits. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting organic farming activities among farmers in Bushehr Province. Using a survey, this study collected data from 67 farmers in two regions of Bushehr Province using stratified random sampling method. The face validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed by university professors and Jihad Keshavarzi Research Center and a pilot study, respectively. Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranged from 0.6 to 0.91. The findings of structural equation models of the both regions revealed that factors such as knowledge of organic farming principles, attitude toward environmental conservation, attitude toward human health, attitude to conventional agriculture consequences and attitude toward reference group were the main determinants of farmers` attitude and behaviors toward organic farming systems.  Finally, suggestions are presented to encourage farmers to use organic farming.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Attitude
  • Behavior
  • Environment
  • Organic
  • Sustainable agriculture
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