فصلنامه علمی کارافن

فصلنامه علمی کارافن

مدل سیاست‌های رقابت‌پذیری و توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان
1 دکترای کارآفرینی، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 گروه مدیریت، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.
3 استادیار، گروه مدیریت و کارآفرینی، دانشکده اقتصاد و کارآفرینی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.
4 استادیار، دانشکده کارآفرینی دانشگاه تهران، ایران.
چکیده
امروزه رقابت‌پذیری معیاری کلیدی برای ارزیابی درجه موفقیت کشورها در ایجاد اشتغال، بهبود محیط کسب و کار و شکل‌گیری و توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان است. رقابت پذیری سازه­ای چند وجهی است و در بسیاری از موارد اختلاف نظر درباره ابعاد و معیارهای آن وجود دارد. سیاستگذاران برای درک و ارتقا سطح رقابت پذیری با چالش بسیاری مواجه هستند. این پژوهش با هدف تدوین الگوی سیاست‌های رقابت‌پذیری جهت توسعه اقتصاد دانش بنیان انجام شد و از منظر هدف، کاربردی و رویکرد آن کمّی- پیمایشی است. ابتدا با بررسی ادبیات پژوهش 37 شاخص استخراج شد. سپس با استفاده از نسبت روایی محتوایی 15 نفر از خبرگان این شاخص­ها را ارزیابی کردند و سه شاخص حذف شد. در ادامه سایر ابعاد و شاخص‌های تایید شده، از طریق پرسشنامه با طیف 5 درجه‌ای لیکرت  مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه آماری پژوهش شامل 214 نفر از مدیران و کارشناسان خبره مرتبط با موضوع رقابت‌پذیری و شرکت های دانش بنیان از وزارت تعاون، کارورفاه اجتماعی، وزارت صنعت، معدن و تجارت، وزارت امور اقتصاد و دارایی و وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری هستند. ارزیابی مدل و شاخص­ها به کمک تحلیل عاملی تاییدی صورت گرفت. برای تجزیه تحلیل داده ها از دو نرم‌افزار  SPSS26و AMOS24 استفاده شد.  مدل نهایی با 34 شاخص و 7 مولفه شامل بازار ، اقتصاد کلان، نهادها، نظام مالی، منابع انسانی، زیرساخت، فناوری در چارچوب سیاست‌های رقابت‌پذیری دارای اعتبار مناسب است. الگوی مستخرج به عنوان یک ابزار مناسب، برای درک و سنجش سیاست­های رقابت­پذیری در راستای اقتصاد دانش بنیان طراحی شده و علاوه بر کاربرد علمی، دارای ارزش عملی و اجرایی نیز می باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Model of Competitiveness Policies and the Development of a Knowledge-based Economy

نویسندگان English

Taraneh Farokhmanesh 1
Vajihe Baghersad 2
Saba Amiri 3
Ali Davari 4
Ali Davari 4
1 PhD in Entrepreneurship, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Management, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Management and Entrepreneurship Department, Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Entrepreneurship, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Competitiveness is a key criterion for evaluating the degree of success of countries in creating employment, improving the business environment, and forming and developing a knowledge-based economy. Competitiveness is a multi-faceted structure and, in many cases, there are disagreements about its dimensions and criteria. Therefore, policymakers are facing many challenges to understand and improve the level of competitiveness. This research was carried out to compile a model of competitiveness policies in the direction of the development of a knowledge-based economy. In terms of purpose, it was practical and its approach was a quantitative-survey.  First, by reviewing the research literature, 37 indicators were extracted. Then, using the Content Validity Ratio, 15 experts evaluated these indicators, and three indicators were eliminated. Next, other confirmed dimensions and indicators were investigated through a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale. The statistical sample of the research included 214 managers and experts in competitiveness and knowledge-based companies from the Ministry of Cooperation, Labor and Social Welfare, the Ministry of Industry, Mining and Trade, the Ministry of Economy and Finance, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Technology. Evaluation of the model and indicators was conducted with the help of confirmatory factor analysis. SPSS26 and AMOS software were used for data analysis. The final model with 34 indicators and 7 components including the market, macroeconomics, institutions, financial system, human resources, infrastructure, and technology had appropriate validity in the framework of competitiveness policies. The extracted model was designed as a suitable tool for understanding and measuring competitiveness policies in line with the knowledge-based economy, and in addition to its scientific application, has practical and operational value.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Business Environment Competitiveness Competition Knowledge
base Politics Scale Construction
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دوره 21، ویژه نامه
علوم انسانی
زمستان 1403
صفحه 13-36

  • تاریخ دریافت 17 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 خرداد 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 08 شهریور 1402