اثر کشت‌ تأخیری بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و درصد روغن گیاه دارویی خارمریم (Silybum marianum) در شرایط نیمه گرمسیری جنوب کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جیرفت، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2023.353314.2213

چکیده

این پژوهش به­منظور بررسی برخی صفات کمی و کیفی خارمریم تحت تأثیر تاریخ­های کشت تأخیری  در سال 1396 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی دانشگاه جیرفت انجام گرفت. آزمایش به صورت کرت‌های خرد­شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا شد. فاکتور اصلی در این آزمایش شش تاریخ کاشت (10 آبان، 10 آذر، 10 دی، 10 بهمن، 10 اسفند، 10 فروردین) و فاکتور فرعی سه اکوتیپ خارمریم (کاشان، ساری، ملاثانی) در­نظر گرفته شد. صفات اندازه‌گیری شده عبارت بودند از: ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮐﺎﭘﯿﺘﻮل در­ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ در­ﮐﺎﭘﯿﺘﻮل، وزن کل کاپیتول در­بوته، ارﺗﻔﺎع ﺑﻮﺗﻪ، وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ، عملکرد دانه و درصد روغن.  نتایج نشان­داد، اثر تاریخ­کاشت، اکوتیپ و اثر­متقابل آنها بر تمامی صفات مورد مطالعه معنی‌دار (P<0.01) بود. تحت تأثیر تأخیر در کاشت تمام صفات مورد مطالعه به صورت خطی و معنی دار(P<0.01, R2>0.85) کاهش یافتند. بر اساس این نتایج شیب کاهشی تحت تأثیر کشت تأخیری در اکوتیپ­های مورد بررسی متفاوت بود به طوری­که بیشترین و کمترین مقدار قدر­مطلق شیب کاهشی به ترتیب مربوط­به اکوتیپ­های ملاثانی و کاشان مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان داد به ازای هر 10روز تأخیر در کاشت، کاهش عملکرد دانه در اکوتیپ­های ملاثانی، ساری و کاشان به ترتیب 4/251، 1/239 و 6/134 کیلوگرم­درهکتار و کاهش درصد روغن به ترتیب 62/0، 31/0 و 58/0 درصد بود. به‌طور کلی در شرایط نیمه گرمسیری جیرفت تاریخ کاشت بهینه برای خارمریم آبان­ماه است. مقایسه بین اکوتیپ­ها نیز نشان داد هرچند ملاثانی و ساری بیشترین عملکرد دانه و روغن را در تاریخ کاشت اول نشان دادند اما اکوتیپ ساری از پایداری عملکرد بیشتری برخوردار بود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Delay Cropping Effect on Yield, Yield Component and Grain Oil Content of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) under Subtropical Climatic Conditions of Southern Kerman

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemah Esfandiari 1
  • Javad Taei-Semiromi 2
  • Mehrangiz Jokar 3
1 M.Sc. Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
2 Assistants professor, Department of Agricultural Science, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
3 Assistants professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran.
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted in order to investigate some quantitative and qualitative traits of milk thistle under the influence of delayed planting dates in 2016 at the research farm of University of Jiroft. The experiment was carried out in the form of split plots in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The main factor in this experiment was six planting dates (November 10, December 10, January 10, Bahman 30, March 10, April 10) and the secondary factor was three ecotypes of thistle (Kashan, Sari, Malathani). The measured traits included number of Capitulum per plant, number of seed per Capitulum, Weight of 1000 Seeds, plant height, seed yield and grain oil content (%). The results showed that the effects of planting date, ecotype and their interaction on all studied traits were significant (P<0.01). Under the influence of the delay in planting, all studied traits decreased linearly and significantly (P<0.01, R2>0.85). Based on these results, the decreasing slope under the influence of delayed cultivation was different in the examined ecotypes, so that the highest and lowest absolute values of the decreasing slope were observed in Malathani and Kashan ecotypes, respectively. The results illustrated that for every 10 days of delay in planting, seed yield decreased in Malathani, Sari and Kashan ecotypes by 251.4, 239.1 and 134.6 kg per hectare, respectively. The oil percentage decreased by 0.62 and 0.31, and 0.58 percent respectively. In general, in the subtropical conditions of Jiroft, the optimal planting date is November. The comparison between ecotypes also showed that although Mulathani and Sari demonstrated the highest yield of seeds and oil on the first planting date, Sari ecotype had more yield stability during the different planting dates.  

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecotype
  • Growth Period
  • Temperature Stress
  • Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum. L.)
  • Sowing Date
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