بوم‌شناسی تحقیق و توسعۀ باز از طریق نگاشت شناختی فازی مورد مطالعه: نانوفناوری ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحدعلوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه مدیریت فناوری، دانشکده مدیریت واقتصاد، واحدعلوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت و اقتصاد، واحدعلوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

4 دانشیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی، تهران، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2022.352239.2204

چکیده

طی چند دهۀ اخیر در مواجه با تغییرات سریع در محیط کسب ‌و کار، حوزه‌های فناورانه به‌طور فزاینده‌ای به سمت گشودن مرزها و استفاده از منابع بیرونی قدم برداشته‌اند. اما دراین‌ بین شناخت پیکره بوم‌سازگان، تحلیلِ تعاملات و تعادلِ توأمان در بهره‌برداری از دانش بیرونی و شکستِ مرزها ضرورتی است که بدان توجه نشده است یا اگر شده به‌صورت پراکنده است. از همین روی، شناخت اجزای بوم‌سازگان تحقیق و توسعۀ باز در حوزۀ نانوفناوری ضرورت مطالعه پیش روی است. مقاله حاضر ازنظر هدف، توصیفی، از لحاظ استفاده در حیطۀ پژوهش‌های کاربردی، ازنظر زمان گردآوری پیمایشی و از نظر ماهیت داده‌ها در حیطۀ تحقیقات ترکیبی است که از روش هدفمند-قضاوتی در نمونه‌گیری استفاده‌شده است. با مرور ادبیات و تجمیع نظرات استادان و خبرگان در حوزۀ تحقیق و توسعۀ و نانوفناوری، نتایج نشان ‌می‌دهد، ساختار بوم‌سازگان تحقیق و توسعۀ باز در حوزۀ مورد مطالعه متشکل از جریانِ فعالیت‌ها، تشکیلِ پیوندها، انتخابِ موقعیت‌ها، تحدیداتِ مرزی، بازیگران و زمان است که هرکدام زیر عامل‌هایی مختص به خود دارند. در ادامه مدل علَیِ روابطِ مستقیم و غیرمستقیم در  نرم افزار ترسیم و سپس شدت تأثیرگذاری هر گره در بوم‌سازگان مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تحلیلِ مدل علّی با استفاده از نگاشت شناختی فازی نشان می‌دهد، سودآوری به ‌عنوان زیر عاملِ جریانِ فعالیت، بیشترین تأثیر و زمانِ ورود به بازار به‌عنوان زیر عاملِ زمانی، کمترین تأثیر را در بوم‌سازگان تحقیق و توسعه باز دارد. نتایج این مقاله به لحاظ نظری یک چارچوب با حداقل‌های مورد نیاز در بوم‌شناسی تحقیق و توسعۀ باز و به لحاظ عملی دلالت بر نحوۀ تأثیرپذیریِ حوزۀ مورد مطالعه را از سیاست‌ها و نگرش‌های سیاست‌گذاران در این حوزه دارد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Recognition of Open R&D Ecosystem through Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping (Case Study: Iranian Nanotechnology)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Pourya Abbasi 1
  • Reza Radfar 2
  • Abbas Toloei 3
  • Nazanin Pilehvari salmasi 4
1 Ph.D. Student in Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Technology Management, Faculty of Management & Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 Associate Professor, Industrial Management, Faculty of Management, West Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, in the face of rapid changes in the business environment, technological fields have increasingly moved towards opening borders and using external resources. However, recognizing the body of the ecosystem, analyzing the interactions, balancing the exploitation of external knowledge and breaking down boundaries is a necessity that have not been addressed or addressed in a scattered manner. Therefore, understanding the components or roots of the open R&D ecosystem in Nano-technology was a necessity in the present study. The present study was descriptive in terms of purpose, applied in terms of use and a survey in terms of data collection; the research was of mixed nature using purposeful-judgmental sampling method. By reviewing the research literature and aggregating the opinions of experts and policymakers in the field of R&D and nanotechnology using the Fuzzy Delphi questionnaire, 6 main components and 17 sub-factors were identified. Then, the causal model of direct and indirect relationships between the components and their intensity was designed through UCINET software. The results showed that the structure of an open R&D ecosystem consists of the flow of activities, the formation of links, the selection of positions, boundary restrictions, actors and time, each of which has its own sub-factors. Next, the causal model of direct and indirect relationships was analyzed using the Fuzzy Cognitive Map, and then the influence intensity of each node in ecosystems was analyzed. The results of the analysis of the causal model using fuzzy cognitive mapping showed that profitability as a sub-factor of activity flow had the greatest effect and time to enter the market as a time sub-factor had the least effect on R&D ecosystems. This research was theoretically a framework with minimum requirements for understanding the components of an open R&D ecosystem in Iran`s nanotechnology and in practice, indicated that it is affected by the policies and attitudes of policymakers in this field. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecosystem
  • Open research and development
  • Fuzzy cognitive mapping
  • nanotechnology

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فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 20، شماره 2
علوم انسانی
شهریور 1402
صفحه 321-356

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 تیر 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 شهریور 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 مهر 1401

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