بهینه‌یابی موقعیت بازشوها برای بهبود تهویه طبیعی، آسایش حرارتی و توزیع بهینه نور روز در شهر یزد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی، قزوین، ایران.

4 عضو هیئت علمی، گروه معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

در دهه­های اخیر استفاده از منابع طبیعی انرژی همچون نور و انرژی خورشید در بخش ساختمان‌سازی و معماری، بسیار مفید واقع شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی تأثیر مکان قرارگیری بازشوها بر چگونگی توزیع جریان هوای داخلی برای آسایش حرارتی کاربران و تهویه طبیعی و نیز چگونگی توزیع فاکتور نور روز در فضا و میزان pmv، انجام گردیده است. بنابراین در راستای اهداف تحقیق، گردش هوا، سرعت باد، دمای هوا و عامل نور روز در 16 طرح از قرارگیری بازشوها در یک فضای معماری مسکونی معکب شکل در اقلیم گرم و خشک شهر یزد به‌عنوان مدل مطالعاتی بررسی شده­است. در مقاله حاضر از روش مدل‌سازی کامپیوتری، مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و میدانی بهره برده شده است؛ به این صورت که تحلیل­های گردش هوا، سرعت باد، دمای هوا و میزان رضایت‌مندی کاربران (PMV) با استفاده از روش  CFDدر نرم‌افزار دیزاین بیلدر (Design Builder) و میزان توزیع فاکتور نور روز (DF)، نرخ یکنواختی (Uo) و شدت روشنایی (Illuminance) با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ریلوکس (Relux) انجام شده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که قرارگیری یک بازشو در جهت وزش باد غالب و دو بازشوی دیگر در جهات کناری آن، توانسته جریان و تلاطم هوایی مطلوب را با سرعت و گردش هوایی مناسب، به‌منظور ایجاد شرایط آسایش حرارتی کاربران در فضا فراهم آورد. در طرح انتخابی، میزان شاخص رضایتمندی کاربران از فضا (PMV) 5 درصد نسبت به سایر سناریوها بیشتر است. همچنین میزان توزیع عامل نور روز، شدت روشنایی و رسیدن به حد آسایش بصری نیز (نرخ یکنواختی= 0.6) در محدوده مناسبی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization the Position of the Windows for Improved Natural Ventilation, Thermal Comfort and Daylight in Yazd City

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hossein Neshat Safavi 1
  • Hasan Zolfagharzadeh 2
  • Mostafa Mafi 3
  • Akram Esfandiari 4
1 MSc., Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran.
4 Faculty Member, Department of Architecture and Urban planning, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In recent decades, the use of natural energy sources such as light and solar energy in the field of construction and architecture has been very useful. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the location of openings on indoor air flow distribution for thermal comfort of users and natural ventilation, in addition to the distribution of daylight factor and pmv in space. Air circulation, wind speed, air temperature and daylight factor in 16 scenarios of placement of openings in a cube-shaped residential architecture was studied in the hot and dry climate of Yazd as a case study. In addition, in the present article, computer modeling method, library studies and field measurement were used. The analyses of air circulation, wind speed, air temperature and user satisfaction (PMV) were carried out using CFD method in Design Builder software and the amount of daylight factor (DF) distribution, uniformity rate (Uo) were analysed using Relux Software. The results indicated that the placement of one opening in the direction of the prevailing wind and the other two openings in its lateral directions provided the desired air flow and turbulence with appropriate speed and air circulation creating thermal comfort conditions for users in space. The amount of ventilation and air circulation in space, speed, temperature and distribution were balanced. In this scenario, the user satisfaction index (PMV) was 5% higher than other scenarios and the amount of daylight distribution and visual comfort (uniformity rate = 0.6) were in the appropriate range.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural ventilation
  • CFD method
  • Window position
  • Thermal comfort
  • Daylight
[1] Da Xu, L., He, W., & Li, S. (2014). Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 10(4), 2233-2243. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TII.2014.2300753
[2] Tronchin, L., & Fabbri, K. (2008). Energy performance building evaluation in Mediterranean countries: Comparison between software simulations and operating rating simulation. Energy and Buildings, 40(7), 1176-1187. https://doi.org/10.10 16/j.enbuild.2007.10.012
[3] Ding, Y.-h., Xu, X., Wang, Z.-y., Li, H.-r., & Wang, W.-p. (2014). The relation of infant attachment to attachment and cognitive and behavioural outcomes in early childhood. Early Human Development, 90(9), 459-464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. earlhumdev.2014.06.004
[4] Zahiri, S., & Altan, H. (2016). The Effect of Passive Design Strategies on Thermal Performance of Female Secondary School Buildings during Warm Season in a Hot and Dry Climate. Frontiers in Built Environment, 2(10), 1-15. https://doi.org/10. 3389/fbuil.2016.00003
[5] Larijani, M., & Razi Kordmahaleh, L. (2017). Explaining the green job identification and prioritization of renewable energy domain: wind energy. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 14(42), 15-32. https://karafan.tvu.ac.ir/article_100503.html?lang=en
[6] Akabayashi, S., Sakaguchi, J., & Tominaga, Y. (2003). Study on the evaluation of cross ventilated detached house. The evaluation of building performance index and the proposal of synthesis cross ventilation evaluation index, 46, 221-224.
[7] Emmerich, S. J., Dols, W. S., & Axley, J. W. (2001). Natural Ventilation Review and Plan for Design and Analysis Tools | NIST. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Technology Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. https:// www.nist.gov/publications/natural-ventilation-review-and-plan-design-and-analy s is-tools
[8] Hiyama, K., Kato, S., Takahashi, T., Huang, H., Kobayashi, S., & Iwase, S. (2005). Field Measurement of Natural Ventilation System Designed in Hospital Building with Void (Environmental Engineering). AIJ Journal of Technology and Design, 11(22), 291-294. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.11.291
[9] Kotani, H., Goto, T., Ohba, M., & Kurabuchi, T. (2009). Review of Cross-Ventilation Research Papers - from the Working Group for Natural Ventilation and Cross-Ventilation of the Architectural Institute of Japan. International Journal of Ventilation, 8(3), 233-241. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733315.2009.11683848
[10] Martin, A., & Fitzsimmons, J. (2000). Guidance Note GN 7/2000, Making natural ventilation work. B. BSRIA, United Kingdom. https://www.bsria.com/uk/product/ kn7W6n/making_natural_ventilation_work_gn_72000_a15d25e1/
[11] Seppanen, O., & Fisk, W. (2002, June 30 - July 5). Relationship of SBS-symptoms and ventilation system type in office buildings. Proceedings of Indoor Air 2002 (9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate), Monterey, California, United States.   https://www.aivc.org/resource/relationship-sbs-symptoms-and-vent ilation-system-type-office-buildings
[12] Zheng, Y. (2007). A preliminary study on the utility of cross-ventilation in Southeast Asia: Part 2 improving cross-ventilation with a void in a TANGEN-type residential building. Proceedings of Annual Meeting of The Architectural Institute of Japan.
[13] Seifert, J., Li, Y., Axley, J., & Rösler, M. (2006). Calculation of wind-driven cross ventilation in buildings with large openings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 94(12), 925-947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2006.04.002
[14] Lin, H.-H., & Cheng, J.-H. (2020). A Study of the Simulation and Analysis of the Flow Field of Natural Convection for a Container House. Sustainability, 12(23), 9845. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239845
[15] Visagavel, K., & Srinivasan, P. (2009). Analysis of single side ventilated and cross ventilated rooms by varying the width of the window opening using CFD. Solar Energy, 83(1), 2-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2008.06.004
[16] Ayata, T., & Yildiz, O. (2006). Investigating the potential use of natural ventilation in new building designs in Turkey. Energy and Buildings, 38(8), 959-963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2005.10.007
[17] Roth, K., Dieckmann, J., & Brodrick, J. (2006). Natural and hybrid ventilation. ASHRAE Journal, 48(6), H37-H39. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1. 1.617.4714&rep=rep1&type=pdf
[18] d’Ambrosio Alfano, F. R., Olesen, B. W., Palella, B. I., & Riccio, G. (2014). Thermal comfort: Design and assessment for energy saving. Energy and Buildings, 81, 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.06.033
[19] Kittler, R. (1967). Standardization of outdoor conditions for the calculation of daylight factor with clear skies. The CIE International Conference on Sunlight in Buildings,  https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10004232052/
[20] Dubois, M.-C. (2001). Impact of Solar Shading Devices on Daylight Quality: Measurements in Experimental Office Rooms (Department of Construction and Architecture, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Sweden. https:// www.lth.se/fileadmin/byggnadskonstruktion/publications/Report3061.pdf
[21] Webb, A. R. (2006). Considerations for lighting in the built environment: Non-visual effects of light. Energy and Buildings, 38(7), 721-727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. enbuild.2006.03.004
[22] Nielsen, P. V. (2015). Fifty years of CFD for room air distribution. Building and Environment, 91, 78-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.02.035
[23] Berson, D. M., Dunn, F. A., & Takao, M. (2002). Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science, 295(5557), 1070-1073. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1067262
[24] Li, D. H. W., & Lam, J. C. (2001). Evaluation of lighting performance in office buildings with daylighting controls. Energy and Buildings, 33(8), 793-803. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0378-7788(01)00067-6
[25] Shokri, E., Nasrollahi, N., & Ghasemi, S. (2020, September 4). The function of traditional architectural elements of temperate and humid climate to reduce energy consumption: a study sample of Kalbadi Museum House. The first scientific research conference on urban planning, civil engineering, architecture and environment, Permanent Secretariat of the Conference, Baku, Azerbaijan.  https://civilica.com/doc/1044403
[26] Hosseini, S. H., Shokry, E., Ahmadian Hosseini, A. J., Ahmadi, G., & Calautit, J. K. (2016). Evaluation of airflow and thermal comfort in buildings ventilated with wind catchers: Simulation of conditions in Yazd City, Iran. Energy for Sustainable Development, 35, 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2016.09.005