بررسی‌ تأثیر سرعت، عمق و نوع خاک‌ورز بر ناهمواری سطح خاک و میزان زیر خاک شدن بقایای گیاهی در اراضی دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

3 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی بیوسیستم، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

ناهمواری و وجود بقایای گیاهی در سطح خاک به‌خصوص در اراضی دیم، می‌تواند موجب کند شدن روند فرسایش شود. هدف از این تحقیق، انتخاب مناسب‌ترین روش خاک‌ورزی است که بیشترین شاخص ناهمواری و کمترین میزان دفن بقایای گیاهی را داشته باشد. آزمایش‌ها با آزمون فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه عامل نوع دستگاه خاک‌ورز (چهار سطح گاوآهن برگردان‌دار، برگردان‌دار+ دیسک، گاوآهن بشقابی و خاک‌ورز قلمی)، سرعت شخم‌زنی (سه سطح 3، 5 و 7 کیلومتر بر ساعت) و عمق شخم (دو سطح 20-15 و 30-25 سانتی‌متر) اجرا شد. ناهمواری سطح خاک، به کمک دستگاه پین‌متر اندازه‌گیری شد. برای تعیین درصد زیر خاک شدن بقایای گیاهی، از روش پردازش تصویر استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد تأثیر تمام متغیرهای اصلی بر شاخص ناهمواری سطح خاک معنی‌دار است و بیشترین و کمترین شاخص ناهمواری به‌ترتیب مربوط به گاوآهن برگردان‌دار (8/12 سانتی­متر) و ترکیب برگردان‌دار+دیسک (6/3 سانتی­متر) بود. همچنین گاوآهن قلمی و شخم ترکیب برگردان‌دار+دیسک به‌ترتیب کمترین و بیشترین میزان زیر خاک شدن بقایای گیاهی را با مقادیر 3/29 و 9/92 درصد نشان دادند. با توجه به نتایج می‌توان خاک‌ورز قلمی را به‌عنوان مناسب‌ترین روش خاک‌ورزی از نظر حفاظت از خاک در مقابل فرسایش بادی و آبی انتخاب کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the Effect of Speed, Depth, and Type of Tillage on Soil Surface Roughness and Burial of Plant Residues in Rainfed Lands

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Jafarian 1
  • Jalal Baradaran Motie 2
  • Rahim Azadnia 3
1 PhD Graduate, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
3 PhD Student, Department of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The presence of soil surface roughness and plant residues can slow down the erosion process, particularly on rainfed fields. The aim of this study was to select the most suitable tillage method, which has the highest soil surface roughness index and the lowest rate of the burial of plant residues. Three factors of plowing machine (Moldboard-plow, Moldboard-plow + Disc harrow, Disc plow and Chisel plow), speed (3, 5 and 7 km/h) and tillage depth (15-20 cm and 25-30 cm) were evaluated in a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design. The soil surface roughness was measured using a pin-meter. Image processing techniques were used to determine the percentage of burial of plant residues. The results showed that the effect of all main factors on the soil surface roughness index was significant and the highest and lowest roughness indices were related to moldboard plow (12.8cm) and Moldboard plow+Disc harrow (3.6cm), respectively. In addition, Chisel plows and Disc harrow+Moldboard plow treatment showed the lowest and highest rates of plant residue burial of 29.3% and 92.9%, respectively. Taking into account the results, chisel plow can be selected as the most suitable tillage method in terms of soil protection against wind and water erosion.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tillage Soil protection Wind erosion Water erosion Image processing Pin
  • meter
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