Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Employment and Retention of Human Resources in Education in Less Developed Areas: Ethnographic Research

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Amjad Kazemi 1
Naser Shirbagi 2
Mohammad Amjad Zabardast 3
1 PhD Student in Educational Administration, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
10.48301/kssa.2021.128447
Abstract
The issue of employment and retention of human resources in education, particularly in less developed areas is one of the factors of success of the education system. The purpose of this study was to identify and explain cultural factors and new or effective methods in the methods of employment and retention of human resources in less developed areas of education and training for equitable access to facilities and training forces in all areas. An ethnographical research method was employed. The statistical population of this study included teachers in Kurdistan Province who were selected through purposive sampling of 20 teachers from different educational areas to achieve theoretical saturation and information was collected through interviews. The findings of the qualitative analysis showed that six main categories including altruism, socio-occupational identity, inequality and discrimination, corruption, creating favorable support structures and job requirements were important factors that could affect teachers' desire to remain. In conclusion, based on the results, it can be argued that in order to solve the problems in employing and retaining teachers in less developed areas, administrative and systemic problems should be corrected and more social and welfare support should be provided to teachers. 
Keywords
Employment
Retention
Ethnography
Less developed regions
Subjects
Abili, K., & Movafaghi, H. (2010). Human resource management (with emphasis on new approaches). Tehran: Industrial Management Organization. https://www.gisoom.c om/book/1725889/
Ahanchian, M. R. (2019). Introduction to Educational Management. Ney Publishing. https: //www.gisoom.com/book/11590258/
Anselm, S., & Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory (2nd ed.). Sage https://psycnet.apa.org/record/199 9-02001-000
Asili, G., & Hindi, S. S. (2010). Comparative study of absorption process and presentation of appropriate model for knowledge organizations "Case Study of Petroleum Industry Research Institute. Organizational Culture Management, 8(22), 69-94. https://jomc.ut.ac. ir/article_28747.html
Bazargan Harandi, A. (2015). Introduction to Qualitative and Mixed Research Methods: Common Approaches in Behavioral Sciences (5 ed.). Didar.
Bell-Ellis, R. S., Jones, L., Longstreth, M., & Neal, J. (2015). Spirit at work in faculty and staff organizational commitment. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 12(2), 156-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766086.2014.992355
Bush, T., & Midwood, D. (2014). Leadership and Education Management. Roshd. https://j afaripub.com/book/7823/%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C-%D9%88-%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA-%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B4
Byars, L., & Rue, L. (2006). Human resource management (8, Ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin.
Caruth, D. L., Caruth, G. D., & Pane, S. S. (2008). Staffing the Contemporary Organization: A Guide to Planning, Recruiting, and Selecting for Human Resource Professionals: A Guide to Planning, Recruiting (3nd ed.). ABC-CLIO. https://www.abc-clio.com/product/ D8952C/
Charmaz, K. (2014). Grounded theory in global perspective: Reviews by international researchers. Qualitative Inquiry, 20(9), 1074-1084. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800414545235
Delavar, A. (2016). Research Methods in Psychology and Educational Sciences (41nd ed.). Viraish, Ravan, Arasbaran. https://www.gisoom.com/book/11018856/
Dolan, S., & Schuler, R. (1997). Personnel and human resource management (2nd ed.). Presidential Public Management Training Center. https://www.gisoom.com/book/ 1121592/
Fani, A. (2015, September 18). News of educators and teachers. Estekhdam.
Flick, O. (2021). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (11 ed.). Ney.
Foskett, N., & Lumby, J. (2003). Leading and managing education: International dimensions. paul chapman publishing. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr= &id=M9UrXLYCqbQC&oi=fnd&pg=PP2&dq=+Leading+and+Managing+Education:+international+Dimensions,+London&ots=k8E4sYaDTV&sig=BJS3VLKWw4IPGJsZQnUuDNukxCY#v=onepage&q=Leading%20and%20Managing%20Education%3A%20international%20Dimensions%2C%20London&f=false
Gall, J., Gall, M., & Borg, W. (2015). Quantitative and qualitative research methods in educational sciences and psychology (9nd ed.). Samat , Shahid Beheshti University. https://www.gisoom.com/book/11024078/
Gholipour, A. (2013). Human resources management (Concepts, theories and applications). Samat. https://samta.samt.ac.ir/content/9323/
Golkar, T. (1996). Investigating the opinions of master and doctoral experts working in Shiraz education about the rate and some reasons for the tendency of retirees to leave the service of education specialists [Master, Tehran]. Tehran, Iran.
Ingersoll, R. M., & Smith, T. M. (2003). The wrong solution to the teacher shortage. Educational leadership, 60(8), 30-33. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/downlo ad?doi=10.1.1.182.106&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Irajpour, A., Yazdanian, H., & Moharrami, T. (2018). A quantitative assessment of the effect of human resources strategies on the overall organizational strategy (Case study: Saipa factory). Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 15(43), 85-98. https://karafan.tvu.ac.ir/arti cle_100515_8f9bbbf117a1bfb1d4beadf340c99a61.pdf
Manourian, A., & Tahami, F (2011). Identify and prioritize critical success factors in establishing a knowledge management system. Human Resource Studies, 1(1), 21-40. http://www.jhrs.i r/article_66494.html?lang=fa
Matias, Á., Nijkamp, P., & Sarmento, M. (2011). Tourism economics: Impact analysis. Springer Science & Business Media. https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=& id=vzcu fw6qcCoC&oi=fnd&pg=PR3&dq=Tourism+Economics+Impact+Analysis&ots=Ywzk5ko2Z_&sig=nv-igoFB6C59x5hcywmTM8MpjvU#v=onepage&q=To urism %20Economics%20Impact%20Analysis&f=false
Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative research design : an interactive approach (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. https://onesearch.library.rice.edu/discove ry/fulldisplay/alma991013094129705251/01RICE_INST:RICE
Mercer, W. (2001). Retaining your star performers. Birmingham, Headstart.
Michael, Q. P. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3nd ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Ltd. https://www.scielo.br/j/rac/a/76K9TYKYMJBCRw3 XBKQFDwc/?lang=pt
Mirkamali, S. M., Hajkhozeymh, M., & Ebrahimi, S. (2015). Criteria to identify attract and retain human resources and provide appropriate solutions (case study: staff of Tehran University campus faculties). Journal of Development & Evolution Mnagement, 7(22), 9-18. http://www.jdem.ir/article_485.html
Morse, J. M. (1994). Emerging from the data: The cognitive processes of analysis in qualitative inquiry. In Critical issues in qualitative research methods. Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/e n-us/nam/critical-issues-in-qualitative-research-methods/book4198
Nouri Shams Abad, M. (2008). Innovation in human resource recruitment. Tadbir Monthly(3), 87. http://www.mgtsolution.com/show/897674376
Olson, K. (2016). Essentials of qualitative interviewing. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/ 9781315429212
Shams Lahroudi, S. H., & Delshkasteghan, F. (2017). Investigating Optimal Marketing Strategies in Electronic Markets (Case Study: Small and Medium Companies in Bushehr Province. Scientific Journal of Research in Management and Social Studies, 3(8), 9-20.
Shamsi, S., PoorAtashi, M., & Zamani, A. (2020). The Relationship between Managers Communication Skills and Leadership Style with Human Resource Empowerment in Shariaty School of Engineering. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 16(46), 141-160. https://karafan.tvu.ac.ir/article_105318_0e05606c02ced118d779fbb3007 200f4.pdf
Shirbegi, N., & Sadeghi, S. (2020). A qualitative study of the school community members' experience of parallel leadership in schools. Management of training organizations, 9(1), 53-90. https://www.sid.ir/fa/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=533808
Soleimani, Q. (2015, January 27). Teachers do not stay in deprived areas of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. Iranian Students' News Agency. https://www.isna.ir/news/9311070 3886/
Turnea, E.-S. (2018). Attraction and Retention of the Employees. A Study based on Multinationals from Romania. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 238, 73-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2018.03.009
Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2004). Misbehavior in organizations: Theory, research, and management. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-88121-000
Karafan Journal
Volume 18, Issue 2 - Serial Number 53
Humanities
Summer 2021
Pages 359-379

  • Receive Date 05 November 2020
  • Revise Date 20 January 2021
  • Accept Date 16 February 2021