فصلنامه علمی کارافن

فصلنامه علمی کارافن

تأثیر طراحی فرم بام بر عملکرد اقلیمی آن در مکان گرم و خشک تحلیل نرم‌افزاری در اقلیم شهر کاشان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان
1 فارغ‌التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی معماری، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
2 استادیار گروه معماری، دانشگاه کاشان، کاشان، ایران.
چکیده
شهرها 75 درصد از منابع اولیه جهان را مصرف می‌کنند مانند نفت خام، زغال سنگ، گاز طبیعی و غیره و همچنین باعث تولید 60 تا 80 درصد گازهای گلخانه‌ای هستند. سهم ساختمان‌ها از این تأثیر مخرب 60 درصد است. بام یکی از تأثیرپذیرترین اجزای ساختمان در برابر عوامل اقلیمی در اقلیم گرم و خشک است زیرا در برابر بیشترین میزان پرتو خورشیدی و تبادل حرارتی قرار دارد؛ از این‌رو بررسی عملکرد اقلیمی آن برای بهبود عملکرد اقلیمی فضاها ضرورت می‌یابد. نوشتار پیش رو، مدل‌های امروزی فرم رایج سقف در بام‌های مسطح با ارتفاع 3 متر و بیش از 3 متر (6 متر) در یک و دو طبقه، بام با سایبان صاف و منحنی و در مدل معماری سنتی، سقف طاقی در دو جهت طولی و عرضی با طاق آهنگ، سقف گنبدی در معماری گرم و خشک را در اقلیم کاشان تحلیل نرم‌افزاری کرده است. هدف اصلی این نوشتار، متوجه‌ساختن جامعه معماران، طراحان و متولیان حوزه ساختمان در توجه بیشتر به طراحی فرم عناصر فضایی مانند بام و تأثیر آنها در بهینه‌سازی مصرف انرژی ساختمان‌هاست. پرسش اصلی پژوهش عبارت است از اینکه: در میان فرم‌های رایج طراحی بام در اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران، کدام فرم دارای بهترین عملکرد اقلیمی یا عبارتی کمترین میزان انرژی سرمایشی لازم برای خنک‌سازی بام و در نتیجه فضای پوشش داده‌شده توسط آن است؟ ابتدا با استفاده از داده‌های اقلیمی سازمان هواشناسی کشور و نرم‌افزار Claimate Consultant بر اساس استاندارد Ashrae Standard 55 به تحلیل خصوصیات اقلیمی کاشان پرداخته شده است. در بخش بعدی با استفاده از نرم‌افزار Autodesk Revit و پلاگین Insight 360 به تجزیه‌وتحلیل انرژی بار سرمایشی لازم برای فضای زیر هرکدام از فرم‌های بام که پیش‌تر اشاره شد در اقلیم کاشان پرداخته شده است. یافته‌های تحلیل نرم‌افزاری نشان می‌دهد که سقف طاق عرضی، در مناسب‌ترین عملکرد اقلیمی است و بعد از آن سقف مسطح 6 متری، سقف با سایه‌بان گنبدی و ثابت به یک اندازه عملکرد اقلیمی داشتند و سقف گنبدی، سقف طاق طولی و سقف مسطح با ارتفاع 3 متر دارای بدترین عملکرد اقلیمی بوده‌اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Effect of Roof Form Design on its Climatic Performance in a Hot and Dry Location: Software Analysis in the Climate of Kashan City

نویسندگان English

Morteza Takbash 1
Mohammadreza Hatamian 2
Hamidreza Farshchi 2
1 MSC in Architecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Achitecture, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
چکیده English

Cities consume 75% of the world's primary resources such as crude oil, coal, and natural gas, and also produce 60 to 80% of greenhouse gases. The share of buildings in this destructive impact is 60%. The roof is the most affected component of the building against climatic factors in hot and dry climates because it is exposed to the maximum amount of sunlight and heat exchange. Therefore, its climatic performance is necessary to improve the climatic performance of spaces. The current research presents the current forms of roofs in the hot and dry climate of Iran including flat and flat roofs, roofs with flat and dome canopies and flat roofs with a height of 3 meters and more than 3 meters, and in the traditional architectural model, arched roofs, the vaulted roof in two longitudinal and transverse directions and the track arch, and the dome roof using software analysis. The main purpose of this research was to compel the community of architects, designers and building managers to pay greater attention to the design of the form of spatial elements such as roofs and their impact on optimizing the energy consumption of buildings. The main question of the research was as follows: among the common forms of roof design in the hot and dry climate of Iran, which form has the best climatic performance or in other words, the lowest amount of cooling energy required to cool the roof and as a result the space covered by it? First, using the climatic data of the Meteorological Organization of Iran and climate consultant software based on ASHRAE Standard 55, the climatic characteristics of Kashan were analyzed. In the next section, using Autodesk Revit software and Insight 360 plugin, the cooling energy required for the space under each of the roof forms mentioned previously in Kashan climate was analyzed. Findings of the software analysis showed that the transverse arch roof has the most suitable climatic performance, followed by the 6-meter flat roof and a roof with a dome and fixed canopy, a dome roof, a longitudinal arch roof and finally, a flat roof with a height of 3 meters had the worst climatic performance.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Hot and Dry Climate (Kashan) Roof Climatic Performance Climatic Software Analysis
Roof Form Design
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دوره 21، شماره 4
کشاورزی / هنر و معماری
زمستان 1403
صفحه 169-192

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 فروردین 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 مهر 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 آبان 1403