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فصلنامه علمی کارافن

جستاری بر پیکره‌بندی ساختاری معماری دستکند، با تأملی بر معماری ساختگاه حیله-ور با استفاده از تکنیک نحو فضا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسنده
گروه ساختمان و معماری، آموزشکده فنی الزهرا تبریز، دانشگاه فنی و حرفه‌ای، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
در ادوار متعدد تاریخی پدیده­ای خاص از معماری موسوم به دستکند در گسترۀ سرزمینی ایران شکل گرفت که به لحاظ کیفیت تولید فضا دارای ماهیتی متفاوت از تجسد واژۀ معماری است. دستکند «حیله­ور» در دامنه­های کوه آتشفشانی سهند در جنوب شهر اسکو در استان آذربایجان شرقی از جملۀ این عناصر معماری محسوب می­شود که تلفیقی از کالبد مسکونی و رفتار انسانی را در تعامل با طبیعت به نمایش می­گذارد. لکن در بررسی­های کتابخانه‌ای، ضعف منابع اسنادی در محافل تخصصی در این مورد مشهود است. بر این اساس در نوشتار پیش­رو با هدف شناسایی مجموعه «حیله­ور» و تبیین وجوه متنوع ساختاری، گونه­شناسی و نحوه چیدمان فضایی و شاخصه‌های ملزوم آن ضمن کاربست رویکرد توصیفی ـ تحلیلی به همراه بررسی­های میدانی در صدد پاسخ‌گویی به پرسش تحقیق می­باشد. 1ـ دستکند «حیله­ور» بر اساس ساختار معماری در زمرۀ کدام نوع از دسته­بندی­های آثار دستکند قرار داشته و بارزه­های فنی و الگوهای ارتباطی آن در حوزۀ نحو فضا چگونه است؟ یافته­ها حاکی از شناسایی 48 کران زیرزمینی در دستکند «حیله­ور» می­باشد که به لحاظ ریخت‌شناسی جزء آثار دستکند عمودی در دل بستر طبیعی زمین به‌صورت پیوسته و خطی بوده و از منظر گونه­شناسی نیز دربردارندۀ کاربری سکونتگاهی ـ معیشتی با اولویت فعالیت­های دامداری می­باشد. نتایج نشان دهندۀ عمق کم در نحو فضا با هم­پیوندی بالا و راندمان عملکردی مناسب در کران­ها به همراه تعامل هوشمندانه میان فعالیت­های انسانی و محیط طبیعی بوده (الگوبرداری از طبیعت) که خود، هم­سو با شرایط اقلیمی و با کمترین مداخله در چشم­انداز محیطی اثر می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A Reflection on the Architectural Structures of the Cunning Underground Handcraft

نویسنده English

Roghayeh Khabbazi
Department of Construction and Architecture, Faculty of Alzahra Tabriz, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

In many historical periods, a special phenomenon of architecture known as Dastkand was formed in Iran, which has a different nature from the embodiment of the word architecture in terms of the quality of space production. Dastkand Hilavar on the slopes of the Sahand volcanic mountain in the south of the city of Esko in East Azarbaijan Province is one of these architectural elements that display a combination of residential body and human behaviour in interaction with nature. However, in library surveys, the weakness of documentary sources in specialized circles is evident in this case. The current research was based on the descriptive-analytical method and the application of field surveys in addition to the use of the space syntax technique to identify the collection, introduce the way of spatial arrangement along with the spatial indicators that are effective, and explain the various structural and species aspects. The present study aimed to answer the following questions: Based on the architectural structure, Dastkand belongs to which types of Dastkand works, and what are its technical features and communication patterns in the field of spatial syntax? The findings indicated the identification of 48 underground boundaries in Dastkand Hilavar, which morphologically are continuous and linear vertical Dastkand works in the natural bed of the earth, and from the typological point of view, they include residential-subsistence use. The priority was animal husbandry activities. The results showed a low depth in the spatial structure with high coherence and proper functional efficiency in the boundaries along with intelligent interaction between human activities and the natural environment in line with the climatic conditions and with the least intervention in the environmental landscape. In this way, reference to the above approach can be put forward in the application of a systematic model for knowledge of the subject to generalize to other examples in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Dastkand Architecture
Cunning Historical Habitat Underground Settlement
Native Architecture
Syntax of Space
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دوره 21، شماره 4
کشاورزی / هنر و معماری
زمستان 1403
صفحه 63-93

  • تاریخ دریافت 24 اسفند 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری 03 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 آبان 1402