شناسایی مؤلفه‌های مؤثر بر تاب‌آوری فرایند تخلیه اضطراری درون کالبد ساختمان محروق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی معماری، گروه معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه معماری، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ،تهران، ایران.

چکیده

فرایند تخلیه اضطراری متأثر از کالبد معماری پیرامون خود است. تخلیه ساختمان در زمان بحران، نقش مهمی در تاب‌آوری بنادر برابر حوادثی نظیر آتش‌سوزی دارد. معماری پایدار ساختمان‌ها در برابر آتش‌سوزی، از زیرساخت‌های پایداری ابنیه است که از سال 2015 در مقیاس شاخص کلان‌شهرهای پایدار قرار دارد. روش پژوهش این تحقیق، براساس روش تحلیل معادلات ساختاری گردآوری اطلاعات به‌صورت پرسش‌نامه‌ای از میان فرماندهان و مدیران سازمان آتش‌نشانی تهران صورت گرفته است. حجم نمونه براساس فرمول کوکوران برابر با 250 نفر در نظر گرفته شد. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد شناخت مؤلفه‌ها، نیازمند اطلاع از شیوه رفتار انسانی، فنّاوری‌های حریق و طراحی کالبدی است. وزن‌های تأثیرگذاری پژوهش نشان می‌دهد حرکت به‌منظور تخلیه اضطراری ساختمان از طریق مؤلفه‌های رفتاری ثانویه با درصد وزنی 92/0 از طریق ریزابعاد مشخصات سنی و جنسی اتفاق می‌افتد و در جایگاه دوم با سامانه‌های تکنولوژیک اعلان و اطفای حریق با وزن 91/0 و در رتبه سوم نیز تمرکز جمعیتی با وزن درصدی 089/0 است. نتایج حاکی از آن است که تاب‌آوری کالبد بنا در زمان حریق می‌تواند در تخلیه موفق، تأثیرگذار باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Conceptual Model of Components Affecting the Resilience of Emergency Exit Design Inside the Architectural Framework of Burning Buildings Based on Structural Equation Method

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Bahrami 1
  • Iraj Etessam 2
  • Azadeh Shahcheragi 3
1 Ph.D. Student, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The successful evacuation of a building in a time of crisis accounts as one of the main elements of building resilience. The sustainable architecture of buildings against fire is regarded as the substructure of building resilience according to the Index Scale of "Sustainable Metropolises" since 2015. The present research method was based on the Structural Equation Analysis Procedure to collect data in questionnaire form as well as Likert Spectrum and conducted among the Commanders and Managers employed at Tehran Fire Department. The sample size was considered to be equal to 250 people based on the Cochran Formula. Research findings illustrate that understanding the components requires knowledge of "human behavior", "fire technologies", and "physical design" methods. The effective weights of the research showed that the movement for emergency evacuation of the building occurs through secondary behavioral components with a weight percentage of 0.92 through the micro-dimensions of "age and sex characteristics" followed by "technological fire alarm and extinguishing systems" with a weight of 0.91 in second place and "population concentration" with a percentage weight of 0.089 in third place. The results indicate that resilience of the physical structure of a building during a fire can be effective in successful evacuation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fire
  • Resilience
  • Emergency Exit
  • Burning

مراجع

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فصلنامه علمی کارافن
دوره 18، ویژه نامه 1 - شماره پیاپی 54
عمران، هنر و معماری/ علوم پایه
شهریور 1400
صفحه 133-149

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 15 فروردین 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 فروردین 1400

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