عوامل مؤثر بر مطالعه‌زدگی دانش‌آموزان – رویکرد فراترکیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی (کاربردی)

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استادیار بخش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 دانشیار بخش مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی آموزشی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

4 دانشیار بخش روانشناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

10.48301/kssa.2023.402993.2610

چکیده

در حالی که فرهنگ مطالعه باید به عنوان یک عنصر اصلی در یادگیری، والاترین جایگاه را در میان دانش­آموزان دارا باشد اما متأسفانه به دلایل گوناگونی، مطالعه از چنین موقعیتی برخوردار نشده و امروزه، عادت به مطالعه اهمیت خود را در میان دانش­آموزان از دست داده است. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، شناسایی عوامل مؤثر بر مطالعه­زدگی دانش­آموزان بود. بر این اساس، این پژوهش با روش کیفی و رویکرد فراترکیب انجام شد. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه مقالات و اسناد خارجی از سال 2002 تا 2022 و فارسی از سال 1381 تا 1401 بود که از بین 263 مقاله که با معیارهای شمول پژوهش همخوانی داشتند، 88 مقاله به‌عنوان مقالات نهایی انتخاب شدند. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون انجام گرفت و 40 مضمون پایه در 4 مضمون سازمان‌دهنده «عوامل فردی» (اعتیاد به اینترنت و استفاده از فضای مجازی، تماشای تلویزیون، نداشتن آگاهی از فواید مطالعه و ...)، «عوامل خانوادگی» (تحصیلات پایین والدین، نداشتن کتابخانه خانگی و ...)، «عوامل اجتماعی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی» (ناتوانی مالی در خرید کتاب برای مطالعه، محیط و فضای نامناسب مطالعه و ...) و «عوامل نظام آموزشی» حجم زیاد کتب و تکالیف درسی، پژوهش‌محور نبودن تکالیف محوله به دانش­آموزان و ...) به‌عنوان عوامل مؤثر بر مطالعه­زدگی دانش­آموزان شناسایی شدند. با توجه به شبکه مضامین به‌دست‌آمده از عوامل مطالعه­زدگی شناسایی‌شده، مسئولان آموزش­و­پرورش می­توانند با برنامه­ریزی بهتر و برنامه عملیاتی مناسب برای حذف و کاهش اثر عوامل شناسایی‌شده و بهبود وضعیت مطالعه دانش­آموزان اقدامات لازم را انجام دهند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors Affecting Students' Readicide: A Meta Synthesis Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed jafar Hashemi asl 1
  • Maryam Shafiei 2
  • Mehdi Mohammadi 3
  • Mahboubeh Foulad chang 4
1 PhD student, of Educational Management and planning, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor of Educational Management and Planning Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Educational Management and Planning Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
4 Associate Professor of Educational Psychology Department, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

While the culture of study should have the highest position among students as a main element in learning, it has not enjoyed such a position due to various reasons, and today, the habit of studying has lost its importance among students. This research aimed to identify the factors affecting students' readicide. Therefore, this research was conducted with a qualitative method and a meta-synthesis approach. The statistical population included all foreign articles and documents from 2002 to 2022 and Persian language articles from the same period. Out of the 263 articles that matched the research inclusion criteria, 88 articles were selected as the final research sample. Data analysis was carried out using a thematic analysis technique and 40 basic themes under 4 organizer theme categories including: "personal factors" (addiction to the internet and use of virtual space, watching TV, and not knowing the benefits of studying), "family factors" (low education of parents, and not having a home library), "social, economic, and cultural factors" (financial inability to buy books for study, and unsuitable study environment) and "factors of the educational system" (a large volume of textbooks and homework, and non-research-oriented assignments assigned to students) were identified as factors affecting students' readicide. According to the network of themes obtained from the identified readicide factors, the education authorities can take the necessary measures with better planning and appropriate action plans to eliminate and reduce the effect of the identified factors and improve students' study situation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Study pathology
  • Readicide
  • Students' readicide
Aalaei, P., & Athari, Z. S. (2021). The Analyzing of the Increasing and Decreasing Factors of Academic and Non â Academic Study of the Students (Case study: University of Kashan Students). Iranian Journal of Educational Society, 6(2), 25-42. https://doi.org/10.22 034/ijes.2021.242029
Abd Kadir, N., Subki, R., Jamal, F., & Ismail, J. (2014, May 18-21). The importance of teaching critical reading skills in a Malaysian reading classroom. The 2014 West East Institute  International Academic Conference Proceedings, Bali, Indonesia. https://www.west eastinstitute.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/Norbaiyah-Abd-Kadir-Full-Paper.pdf
Aftabi Arani, F., & Batoli, Z. (2007). Investigating the amount of non-curricular studies of secondary school students and identifying factors affecting it in Aran and Bidgol cities in the academic year 2014-2015. The electronic magazine of the research institute of the Center for Scientific Information and Documents of Iran (Nama), 7(3), 2-9. h ttps://www.sid.ir/paper/473072/en
Ahmadian Naeini, M. (2013). Investigating the effective factors on the amount of non-curricular studies in Naein city [Master, Yazd University]. Yazd, Iran. https://ganj.ir andoc.ac.ir/#/articles/b4647fbb055e08118cc3959df9fd2ba9
Aina, A. J., Okusaga, T. O., Taiwo, A., & Ogundipe, T. C. (2011). The role of library in promoting reading habits among Nigerians. Journal of research in education and society, 2(1), 168-179. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/THE-ROLE-OF-LIBRARY-IN-PROMOTING-READING-HABITS-J.-Okusaga/f71f30c89fbc7019030f7df67f7cc caad0e20815
Ajayi, S. O., & Akole, O. (2018). Impact of social networking on reading habits of NCE students of college of education, Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5(2), 7-13. http://www.ijrar.com/upload_issue/ijr ar_issue_720.pdf
Akande, S., & Oyedapo, R. (2018). Developing the reading habits of secondary school students in Nigeria: The way forward. International Journal of Library Science, 7(1), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.library.20180701.03
Akbari Burang, M., & Nasrollahi, N. (2016). Investigating study culture among students in Birjand city. Scientific Quarterly of Social-Cultural Studies of Khorasan, 11(1), 49-62. https ://www.farhangekhorasan.ir/article_43671.html?lang=en
Ames, C., & Archer, J. (1988). Achievement goals in the classroom: Students' learning strategies and motivation processes. Journal of educational psychology, 80(3), 260-267. https: //doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.80.3.260
Ameyaw, S. K., & Anto, S. K. (2018). Read or perish: Reading habits among students and its effect on academic performance: A case study of Eastbank Senior High School-Accra. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-23. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/ 1748/
Annamalai, S., & Muniandy, B. (2013). Reading Habit and Attitude among Malaysian Polytechnic Students. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 5(1), 32-41. https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/284003779_Reading_Habit_and_Attitude_among_Malaysian_Polytechnic_Students
Annan-Brew, R. K., & Nartey, P. (2021). Reconnaissance of the Function of Social Media on Study Habits Of Undergraduate Students in the University of Cape Coast. International Journal of Scientific Research and Managemen, 9(6), 1725-1731. https://doi.org/10. 18535/ijsrm/v9i6.el01
Anyaegbu, M. I., Aghauche, E. E., & Nnamani, E. (2016). Poor reading habit and the academic performance of junior secondary school students in Enugu South local government area of Enugu State. Education Research Journal, 6(8), 112-121. https://www.resea rchgate.net/publication/320621871_Poor_reading_habit_and_the_academic_performance_of_Junior_Secondary_School_students_in_Enugu_South_Local_Government_Area_of_Enugu_State
Arieta, K., Gementiza, R., & Saco, C. (2017). Factors affecting study habits on the academic performance of Senior High School students of Davao Doctors College. Davao Doctors College. https://www.scribd.com/document/438144216/study-Factors-Affecting-St udy-Habits-on-Academic-Performance-of-Senior-High-School-Students-of-Davao -Doctors-College-docx
Asadivand, l., Ghaffari, S., & Banifatemeh, L. (2021). Studying and book reading in the digital era (Case Study: Members of Tabriz Public Libraries). Journal of Knowledge Studies, 13(51), 22-34. https://qje.ntb.iau.ir/article_681968.html?lang=en
Azizi Kamjeh, Z. (2016). Investigating the relationship between the amount of study and the use of computer games among high school students in Kermanshah [Master, Razi University]. Kermanshah, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/a94663133426c 76673851eedf94dca96
Baba, J., & Affendi, F. R. (2020). Reading Habit and Students' Attitudes towards Reading: A Study of Students in the Faculty of Education UiTM Puncak Alam. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(1), 109-122. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i1.8988
Bahrami, S., Molakhili, H., Baghbani, F., AshrafiRizi, H., & Mojiri, S. (2012). Relationship between Non-school Study and Mental Health of Students of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Education, 11(9), 1241-1247. http://ij me.mui.ac.ir/article-1-2030-en.html
Banou, C., Kostagiolas, P. A., & Olenoglou, A. M. (2008). The reading behavioural patterns of the Ionian University graduate students. Library Management, 29(6/7), 489-503. https://doi.org/10.1108/01435120810894518
Bavarsad Omidian, M. (2016, June 2). Investigating the motivating and inhibiting factors of studying among the patrons of public libraries in Masjid Sulaiman city. The third international science and engineering conference, İstanbul, Turkey. https://civilica.c om/doc/491727/
Behzadi, H., & Mahmoudi, H. (2018). Investigating the role of observational learning on the reading status of high school male students based on Bandura's social cognitive theory. Library and Information Sciences, 21(1), 25-54. https://doi.org/10.30481/lis .2018.49751
Bhardwaj, P., & Kumar, D. (2016). Use and Non Use of Public Library Services in the Digital Age: a Study of Kurukshetra District Library (Haryana). Scientific Society of Advanced Research and Social Change International journal of library, information networks and knowledge, 1(2), 1-9. http://docplayer.net/101500283-Use-and-non-use-of-pub lic-library-services-in-the-digital-age-a-study-of-kurukshetra-district-library-harya na-poonam-bhardwaj-and-dharmesh-kumar.html
Bigelow, A., & Suleimanian, M. (2015). Examining the role of the family on the reading of teenagers who are members of public libraries in Foulad Shahr. In S. M. Hosseini (Ed.), Reading culture: theoretical foundations and practical ways to develop and institutionalize reading behavior. Chapar, University of Kurdistan. https://elmnet.ir/ doc/21053799-55881?elm_num=1
Bocar, A. C., & Tizon, M. (2017). Study habits and the perceived factors that distract the concentration of La Salle University Freshmen. Social Science Research Network Electronic Journal, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2979233
Bokhorst-Heng, W., & Pereira, D. (2008). Non-at-risk adolescents' attitudes towards reading in a Singapore secondary school. Journal of Research in Reading, 31(3), 285-301. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2008.00369.x
Buck, S. (2016). In Their Own Voices: Study Habits of Distance Education Students. Journal of Library & Information Services in Distance Learning, 10(3-4), 137-173. https://d oi.org/10.1080/1533290X.2016.1206781
Chang, H. R., & Holland, M. P. (2005). User Satisfaction Survey of Ask-A-Question Service at the Internet Public Library. Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 10(2), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J136v10n02_06
Chaudhry, A. S., & Low, G. (2009). Reading preferences among different generations: A study of attitudes and choices in Singapore. Singapore Journal of Library & Information Management, 38(1), 27-48. https://www.las.org.sg/wp/sjlim/reading-preferences-a mong-different-generations-a-study-of-attitudes-and-choices-in-singapore/
Dadgaran, S. M., Kharazi Azar, R., & Dabeleshki, F. (2017). The Role of Social Networks on the Promotion of Reading Culture (the Case Study of Followers of Ketabdoni Page in Instagram Social Network). Socio-Cultural Strategy, 6(22), 207-234. https:/ /rahbordfarhangi.csr.ir/article_123336.html?lang=en
Dehghanpour, M. (2015). The Impact of Studying Non-Academic Sources on the Motivation of Elementary School Students in District 14 of Tehran. Educational Administration Research, 6(23), 105-133. https://jearq.roudehen.iau.ir/article_234.html
Demir, S., Kılınç, M., & Doğan, A. (2017). The effect of curriculum for developing efficient studying skills on academic achievements and studying skills of learners. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education, 4(3), 427-440. https://www.iejee.com/ index.php/IEJEE/article/view/187
Dorobaf, M., & Modaressi Saryazdi, A. S. (2021). Investigating the effect of mathematics lesson in the manner of storytelling on students' academic achievement motivation. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 17(5), 263-277. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.12 8440
Ebele, U. F., & Olofu, P. A. (2017). Study Habit and Its Impact on Secondary School Students' Academic Performance in Biology in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Educational Research and Reviews, 12(10), 583-588. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.3117
Ebrahimi, N. (2018). Identifying encouraging and inhibiting factors in attracting children and teenagers to public libraries from the point of view of librarians of the children and teenagers department: a case study of Tabriz city public libraries [Master, Tabriz University]. Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/014c3 46a00546f338269fdfd71ad6032
Ebrahimi, S., Honarjooyan, Z., Setareh, F., & Khosravyzade, M. (2015). Survey of study culture in Shiraz University's faculty members. Caspian Journal of Scientometrics, 2(2), 46-54. https://doi.org/10.22088/acadpub.BUMS.2.2.46
Erdem, A. (2015). A Research on Reading Habits of University Students: (Sample of Ankara University and Erciyes University). Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174(1), 3983-3990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1145
Esmaili Aval, A. (2012). Examining the free study status of high school students in Khuzestan province and the factors affecting it [Master, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz]. Khuzestan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/beedd58bdae5adcd9008f7aa63 e0acaa
Fabunmi, F. A. (2010). Poor Reading Culture: A Barrier to Students Patronage of Selected Secondary School Libraries in ADO Local Government Area of Ekiti state, Nigeria. Library Herald, 48(1), 1-11. https://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:l h&volume=48&issue=1&article=001
Fadaie, G. (2016). Inflation and Deflation in Reading. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 22(2), 189-193. http://publij.ir/article-1-1710-en.html
Farhangi, A. (2015). Investigating the effect of Radio Kitab programs on the level of interest of young people in studying [Master, Islamic Azad University, East Tehran Branch]. Tehran, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/743fdf23378d3fcd3541134f96fd67ae
Farhat, B., Rahimi, A., & Emam Jomeh, F. (2022). The Effect of Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling on Increasing Students' Motivation to Read Books. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 28(12), 290-298. http://rjms.iums.ac.ir/article-1-7133-en.html
Fatiloro, O. F., Adesola, O. A., Hameed, B. A., & Adewumi, O. M. (2017). A Survey on the Reading Habits among Colleges of Education Students in the Information Age. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(8), 106-110. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/ A-Survey-on-the-Reading-Habits-among-Colleges-of-in-Florence-Adesola/751b9 70abd37b2a7ddf5088d9a22bab8dd148f05
Gallagher, K. (2009). Readicide: How schools are killing reading and what you can do about it. Routledge. https://www.amazon.com/Readicide-Schools-Killing-Reading-Abou t/dp/1571107800
Ganji, E. (2019). The effect of studying with the help of conceptual maps on the progress and academic motivation of elementary school students in social sciences [Master, Payam Noor University Mobarakeh Branch]. Isfahan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/artic les/5ca1dafc5ddcee5c32d7f026dc3e2672
Ghiasvand, A. (2011). Book consumption style and the state of public libraries in Tehran city. Society and Culture Publications. https://www.adinehbook.com/gp/product/964297 7291
Gholtash, A., OjiNejad, A., & Gandomkar, T. (2012). The role of extracurricular academic performance and social skills to high school students. Journal of educational psychology, 3(3), 47-55. https://psyedu.tonekabon.iau.ir/article_557435.html?lang=en
Ghotbi, S. M. (2011). The role and position of textbooks and non-textbooks and school libraries in the educational system of Iran and the world: a review of texts. Electronic publication of the Organization of Libraries, Museums and Documents Center of Astan Qods Razavi, 3(10-11), 1-18. https://shamseh.aqr-libjournal.ir/article_50304.html
Hadianfard, A. M., & Gheibi, N. (2019). A survey on Study Status of Students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Educational Development of Judishapur, 9(4), 262-268. https://edj.ajums.ac.ir/article_82077.html?lang=en
Hajian Zeydi, M. (2016). Principal Elements Encouraging Sari Citizens in Iran to Book Reading: Viewpoints of Sari Public Library Users. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 22(2), 261-276. http://publij.ir/article-1-1364-en.html
Haliru, R. A., Abdulkarim, M., Mohammed, A., & Dangani, B. (2015). An assessment of reading habit among secondary school students in Kaduna metropolis. International Organization Of Scientific Research Journal Of Humanities And Social Science, 20(10), 12-17. ht tps://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/An-Assessment-of-Reading-Habit-among-S econdary-in-Haliru-Abdulkarim/f9ed1731076583555f76358f78c8e149b27f788d
Hamidi, M., & Niknejad, S. (2010). Examining the professional and educational role of librarians in the study process of users of public libraries in Lorestan province. Social Research Quarterly, 3(9), 169-190. https://www.sid.ir/paper/164867/en
Hanifi, F., Karamali, A., Zohreei, M. A., & Amini, Z. (2017). Investigating the Methods of Developing Book Reading Among the Elementary Schools Students from Their Teachers Point of View. International Review of Management and Marketing, 7(2), 436-443. https://econjournals.com/index.php/irmm/article/view/4568
Hassanzadeh, S., Hariri, N., & Gilvari, A. (2018). Effects of social networks on reading habits of the adolescent; the Case of Tehran SAMA high schools. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 24(1), 35-49. http://publij.ir/article-1-1436-en.html
Hedayati Khoshmehr, A., & Ghahrmanian, P. (2016). Investigating the amount of non-curricular studies among students of Mohaghegh Ardabili University (case study). "Islamic Humanities" monthly, 1(10), 93-102. https://civilica.com/doc/514342/
Ho, E. S. C., & Lau, K-l. (2018). Reading engagement and reading literacy performance: effective policy and practices at home and in school. Journal of Research in Reading, 41(4), 657-679. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9817.12246
Homaie, M., & Ashrafi Rizi, H. (2012). Examining strategies for promoting reading and reading culture. Radio Monthly, 11(69), 42-54. https://www.magiran.com/paper/1195279
Honarist. (2022, January11). Examining the reading situation in Iran. Honarist. https://www. honarist.com/2020/05/22/per-capita-reading/
Ikenwe, I. J., & Adegbilero-Iwari, I. (2014). Utilization and user satisfaction of public library services in South-West, Nigeria in the 21st Century: A Survey. International Journal of Library Science, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.library.20140301.01
Javanmard, A., Shafiee Sarvestani, M., Mohamadi, M., Jahani, J., & Shamshiri, B. (2022). Students' Critical Literacy in Higher Education: A Theory- Generating Meta-Synthesis Study. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 19(2), 333-358. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa .2021.284302.1506
Jennifer, J. M., & Ponniah, R. J. (2015). Pleasure reading cures readicide and facilitates academic reading. Journal on English Language Teaching, 5(4), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.26634 /jelt.5.4.3664
Jordan, J., Parker, M., Li, X., & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2015). Effect of study skills program participation on undergraduate student academic performance. International Journal of Education, 7(1), 247-265. https://doi.org/10.5296/ije.v7i1.6888
Kaur, A., & Pathania, R. (2015). Study Habits and Academic Performance among Late Adolescents. Studies on Home and Community Science, 9(1), 33-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/0973 7189.2015.11885430
Kavi, R. K., Tackie, S. N., & Bugyei, K. A. (2015). Reading for pleasure among junior high school students: case study of the Saint Andrews Anglican Complex Junior High School, Sekondi. Library Philosophy and Practice, 2015(1), 1-19. https://csirspace.foodrese archgh.org/handle/123456789/277
Khan, Z. N. (2016). Factors Effecting on Study Habits. Online Submission, 3(1), 145-150. ht tps://doi.org/10.22158/wjer.v3n1p145
Khedmati Nejad, H. (2016). Investigating encouraging and inhibiting factors to study among patrons of public libraries in Isfahan province [Master, Shahed University]. Tehran, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/88c3ac694351cdbfab748848b9f75f63
Khongtim, J. (2021). Trends in Reading Habits of Students from School Level to Higher Levels of Education: Evidence from the Review of Literature. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-22. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5170?utm_source=digitalcommo ns.unl.edu%2Flibphilprac%2F5170&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages
Kian, M., Mansourian, Y., & Karamshahi, E. (2017). The Role of 6th Grade Curriculum Development on Encouraging Students to Read. Journal title, 4(34), 95-114. https:// doi.org/10.52547/erj.4.34.95
Kohn, A. (2011). The case against grades. Educational Leadership, 69(3), 28-33. https://ww w.ascd.org/el/articles/the-case-against-grades
Kucirkova, N., & Littleton, K. (2016). The digital reading habits of children: A National Survey of parents’ perceptions of and practices in relation to children’s reading for pleasure with print and digital books. Book Trust. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natal ia-Kucirkova/publication/299563417_The_digital_reading_habits_of_children/lin ks/56ff879508aee995dde79844/The-digital-reading-habits-of-children.pdf
Küçükoğlu, H. (2013). Improving Reading Skills Through Effective Reading Strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 709-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.201 3.01.113
Kutay, V. (2014). A survey of the reading habits of Turkish high school students and an examination of the efforts to encourage them to read [Doctoral, Loughborough University]. Loughborough, England. https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/thesis/A_survey_of _the_reading_habits_of_Turkish_high_school_students_and_an_examination_of_the_efforts_to_encourage_them_to_read/9415313
Lau, K-L. (2009). Reading motivation, perceptions of reading instruction and reading amount: a comparison of junior and senior secondary students in Hong Kong. Journal of Research in Reading, 32(4), 366-382. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9817.2009.01400.x
Long, T. (2009). Rescuing Reading at the Community College. Inquiry: The Journal of the Virginia Community Colleges, 14(1), 5-14. https://commons.vccs.edu/inquiry/vol14 /iss1/10/
Lucky, A., & Saidu, R. F. (2020). Strategies for improving the study habits of post primary school students in Lagos State: Implication for counselling. Journal of Guidance, 4(2), 167-177. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4054103
Magulod Jr, G. C. (2019). Learning styles, study habits and academic performance of Filipino University students in applied science courses: Implications for instruction. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 9(2), 184-198. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.504
Mahdavi, M. (2006). Data Management. Irandoc.
Mapua. (2016). Ways to Improve Your Study Habits. Cardinal Blog. https://www.mapua.edu. ph/blog/2016/06/07/ways-to-improve-your-study-habits/
Mardandoost, Z., Turkian Tabar, M., & Hasoumi, T. (2016). Factors affecting the increase in desire to study in the sixth grade students of primary school for girls in Khomein city. New Research in the Humanities, 3(10), 97-107. https://civilica.com/doc/628666/
Mažgon, J., Kovač, M., Kovač Šebart, M., & Vidmar, T. (2020). Books in the time of screens: the reading habits of Slovenian students. Universal journal of educational research, 8(9), 3916-3923. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080916
Mirzaei, S. (2014). Examining the free study status of incoming undergraduate students of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2013-2014 and identifying and analyzing the factors that hinder and encourage their studies [Master, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz]. Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/65a05f907b ac57b3cd656bb3c2443a77
Moarrefzadeh, A., & Iraji, S. (2010). Investigating the Factors Encouraging or Inhibiting the Study among Clients of Public Libraries in Mahshahr City. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 16(1), 143-170. http://publij.ir/article-1-81-en.html
Mohammadi, M., Ghazi Mirsaeid, J., Kolbdinejad, K., Pahlevanzadeh, B., & Rastgarimehr, B. (2017). The survey of status of study among Sarpol E-Zahab’s public libraries and analysis of motivational and preventive reason’s to study. Journal of Knowledge Studies, 10(36), 63-73. https://qje.ntb.iau.ir/article_531534.html
Moradi, F., Khosravi, A., & Motamed, N. (2018). Invistigation of the compliance of available resources in study stations with people information needs in Bushehr municipality. Journal of Reading, Continues Learning and Scientific Behavior, 1(2), 85-99. https:/ /readingj.uok.ac.ir/article_61165.html?lang=en
Moradmand, A. (2010). Comparative Study of the Factors Encouraging or Inhibiting Informal Study from Viewpoint of Male and Female Graduate Students in Tarbiat Moallem Azerbaijan University. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 16(2), 95-114. http://publij.ir/article-1-87-en.html
Motameni, A., Hemmati, A., & Moradi, H. (2013). Identifying and Prioritizing the Barriers of Youth Tending to Use Public Library Services: A case study of Semnan city. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 18(4), 363-383. http://publij.ir/article-1-271-en.html
Nabuyanda, M. M. (2011). Factors inhibiting promotion of a reading culture: A study of basic school libraries in Lusaka [Master, University of Zambia]. Lusaka, Zambia. https:// dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/db77b7fe-524f-4f33-ac06-db349f5d6ed e/content
Najafpour Moghadam, P., Cheraghi, Z., & Ahmadi asl, F. (2019). Defining Preventive and Supportive Factors of studying Among Ahvaz High School Students. Journal of Studies in Library and Information Science, 11(1), 23-40. https://doi.org/10.22055/s lis.2019.30156.1626
Nasiri Zarandi, Z., & Ali Akbari, N. (2020). How could we strengthen the culture of study and research among the sixth graders of Ismat Garmab School? New achievements in humanities studies, 3(23), 29-39. https://www.jonahs.ir/showpaper/59533203664 b81f5921be8
Nazari Kaji, N., & Nazari Kaji, Z. (2016). The Causes and Extent of Primary School Students’ Use of Extracurricular Books from Teachers’ and Parents’ Perspective. Curriculum Development and Educational Planning Research, 6(1), 27-46. https://jcdepr.chalo us.iau.ir/article_671373.html
Niknejad, S. (2016, February 24-25). Examining the role of librarians in developing the study of members of public libraries in Lorestan province. National Conference on Public Libraries: Factors and Barriers to Audience Attraction and Development, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. https://elmnet.ir/doc/21005419-41152
Nobahar, N., & Sharif Moghadam, H. (2017). Studying the effects of cultural, religious, social, economic, political and non-academic study of university students in Mashhad. Digital and Smart Libraries Researches, 4(3), 33-40. https://lib.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_4 909.html?lang=en
Nonis, S. A., & Hudson, G. I. (2010). Performance of College Students: Impact of Study Time and Study Habits. Journal of Education for Business, 85(4), 229-238. https://doi.org /10.1080/08832320903449550
Ogugua, J., Emerole, N., Egwim, F., Anyanwu, A., & Haco-Obasi, F. (2015). Developing a reading culture in Nigerian Society: Issues and Remedies. Journal of research in national development, 13(1), 62-67. https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jorind/article/ view/120589
Omeodu, M., & Daniel, E. (2021). Influence of Social Media on the Study Habit of Physics Students in Etinan Local Government Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Innovative Information Systems & Technology Research, 9(4), 11-19. https://seahipaj.org/journals-ci/dec-2021/IJIISTR/full/IJIISTR-D-2-2021.pdf
Onuorah, A. R. (2021). Influence of Story Books at Children’s Library on Reading Culture of Pupils in Public Primary Schools. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19. https:// digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6387/
Osareh, F., & Golchoubi, T. (2007). Recognition and Identification of the Encouraging and Inhibiting Factors of Free Reading of the High School Students in Province of Mazandaran. Journal of Educational Scinces, 13(4), 103-126. https://doi.org/10.22055/edus.2007 .15983
Owusu-Acheaw, M., & Larson, A. G. (2014). Reading habits among students and its effect on academic performance: A study of students of Koforidua Polytechnic. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-22. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/1130/
Palani, K. K. (2012). Promoting reading habits and creating literate society. Researchers world, 3(2), 90-94. https://www.researchersworld.com/index.php/rworld/article/view/591
Pashaei, H., Zavaraqi, R., Hamdipour, A., & Nemati, S. (2021). The Effect of Cultural, Social and Educational Factors on the Attitude of Talent Schoolgirls towards Studying and Reading. Librarianship and Information Organization Studies, 31(4), 44-56. https:// doi.org/10.30484/nastinfo.2020.2125.1952
Persky, A. M., & Hogg, A. (2017). Influence of Reading Material Characteristics on Study Time for Pre-Class Quizzes in a Flipped Classroom. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 81(6), 103. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe816103
Pulfrey, C., Buchs, C., & Butera, F. (2011). Why grades engender performance-avoidance goals: The mediating role of autonomous motivation. Journal of educational psychology, 103(3), 683-700. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023911
Radad, I., & Masoudi, M. (2012). Leisure Reading Habits of High School Students in Mashhad and its Affecting Factors. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 19(3), 387-407. http://publij.ir/article-1-995-en.html
Raiesi, M., & Hassamzadeh, L. (2016, February 25). Studying the historical course of Iranian children's and teenagers' literature. The First National Conference on Child and Adolescenet`s Literature, Anar, Kerman, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/512408/
Rashid, K., Soltani, A., Kord Noghabi, R., & Karimi, K. (2020). The Effect of Free book Reading Skills on Students' Reading Habits, Attitudes toward Reading and Academic Achievement. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 26(4), 723-750. http://publij .ir/article-1-2194-en.html
Razavi Tousi, S. M., & Bagheri, L. (2010). Comparison of the study level of Tehrani citizens between 2008 and 2009. Journal of Culture-Communication Studies, 11(11), 7-43. https://www.jccs.ir/article_3421.html?lang=en
‌Saadat Abadi Nasab, M. J., & Mokhtari, H. (1999). Motivating reading and studying in children and teenagers: problems and solutions. Children's and Adolescent Literature Research Paper, 4(15), 81-93. https://www.noormags.ir/view/en/articlepage/311190
Saberi, G. (2019). Designing a book garden with an emphasis on creating new study spaces in Mashhad city [Master, Khayyam University]. Razavi Khorasan, Iran. https://ganj. irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/bae1ccfe5100e5d251183bb5aed78977
Sadabadi, A. A., Panahi, S., & RahimiRad, Z. (2022). An Action Research on the Book and Child Innovative Event in Order to Improve the Perusal and Reading of Children in Iran. Research on Information Science and Public Libraries, 27(4), 739-770. https:// doi.org/10.52547/publij.27.4.739
Sadegh Nia, M., Sadegh Nia, A., & Ghasemi Nia, A. (2016, February 24-25). Effective ways to study and read books among teenagers (Case study: Teenagers of Ermo district). National Conference on Public Libraries: Factors and Barriers to Audience Attraction and Development, Ahvaz, Khuzestan, Iran. https://elmnet.ir/doc/20978393-14102
Saffari, S., Asadi, S., & Sharifi Mehrjardi, A. A. (2021). Research on Factors Affecting the Choice of Children and Teenagers’ Visual Book Format in Iran (Based on Mentor Criteria). Glory of Art (Jelve-y Honar) Alzahra Scientific Quarterly Journal, 13(1), 48-56. https://doi.org/10.22051/jjh.2020.28899.1458
Salari, M. (2012). Analyzing and explaining the main factors affecting the study culture in Iran and presenting a suitable model for its development [Master, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad]. Razavi Khorasan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/2b80ca241 8bd2388f0edf055ed63d65e
Samiei, M., Ghobadi Terra, H., & Hariri, N. (2020). The role of social networks in the amount of electronic and print studies Case Study: Students of Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Islamic Azad University. Sciences and Techniques of Information Management, 6(2), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.22091/stim.2020.4311.1305
Sandelowski, M., Barroso, J., & Voils, C. I. (2007). Using qualitative metasummary to synthesize qualitative and quantitative descriptive findings. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(1), 99-111. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20176
Shabani, A., & Fazel, M. (2002). Extracurricular studies of middle school students and identification of factors affecting it from Shahreza students' point of view. Book Quarterly, 13(2), 47-55. https://www.sid.ir/paper/443742/en
Sharifzadeh, A., & Mahboobi, M. R. (2011). Factor Analysis of Barriers to Optimal Usage of Library Services among students of Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Library and Information Science, 14(2), 131-153. https://lis. aqr-libjournal.ir/article_42691.html?lang=en
Siefouri, V., & Cheshme Sohrabi, M. (2011, December 11). Measuring the study and identifying its facilitating and inhibiting factors in the city of Kermanshah. Annual Scientific Conference of Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/288711/
Sin, S-C. J., & Kim, K-S. (2008). Use and non-use of public libraries in the information age: A logistic regression analysis of household characteristics and library services variables. Library & Information Science Research, 30(3), 207-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.l isr.2007.11.008
Sivasubramanian, G., & Gomathi, P. (2019). A study on reading habits among higher secondary school students in Salem, Tamil Nadu India. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-15. htt ps://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2576/
Stranger-Johannessen, E. (2014). Promoting a reading culture through a rural community library in Uganda. the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions Journal, 40(2), 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0340035214529732
Tabatabaie Shahrabad, S. Z. (2016). Investigating the amount of teenagers using the services of Sabzevar public libraries and its relationship with academic progress [Master, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad]. Razavi Khorasan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/ #/articles/c26530cce67f6f831755fbc3a79db3e7
Teksan, K. (2019). The Perceptions of Students Studying in the Faculty of Education towards Reading in Terms of Their Reading Motivations. International Journal of Progressive Education, 15(5), 162-184. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2019.212.12
Tus, J. (2020). The influence of study attitudes and study habits on the academic performance of the students. International Journal of All Research Writings, 2(4), 11-32. https://d oi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13093391.v1
Ustabulut, M. Y. (2021). As A Predictor Of Attitude Towards Reading Habit: Curiosity And Exploration. International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches, 6(15), 1123-1148. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijetsar.360
Wolf, M. (2008). Proust and the squid: The story and science of the reading brain. HarperCollins. https://www.amazon.com/Proust-Squid-Story-Science-Reading/dp/0060933844
Yaghoubi Rad, F., Kavossi, A., & Rashidpour, A. (2015). Factors Contributing to the Promotion of Reading Culture among High School Boys in Tehran. Quarterly Journal Of Family and Research, 12(1), 87-106. http://qjfr.ir/article-1-70-en.html
Yusof, N. M. (2010). CHAPTER 1 Influence of family factors on reading habits and interest among level 2 pupils in national primary schools in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1160-1165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.253
Zare, A., Godeyni, Y., & Riahi, A. (2015). Study of Factors Effecting the Use of Public Libraries (Case study of User of Kermanshah Public Libraries). Journal of Information Systems and Services, 4(1 & 2), 51-62. https://www.sid.ir/paper/523862/en
Zare, A., Saeedi, Z., & Sayadi, N. (2016). The relationship between family factors and teenagers’ reading: A survey on viewpoints of teenagers’ parents of public libraries in Sanandaj. Journal of Information Systems and Services, 5(1 & 2), 1-12. https://www.sid.ir/pap er/218153/en
Zehtab, S. (2019). Explaining the decrease in willingness to study and reading among undergraduate students of Tabriz University based on Tuckman's procrastination theory [Master, Tabriz]. Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran. https://ganj.irandoc.ac.ir/#/articles/238e2a63 0d4e48f54dd315d84cd9f1f8
Ziaei, S. (2019). An evaluation of the leisure reading status in female Elmiye Schools of Mashhad. Digital and Smart Libraries Researches, 6(1), 81-88. https://doi.org/10.30473/mrs. 2020.37421.1327
Ziaei, S. (2020). An Evaluation of the Status of Study among Working Women and Housewives in the East of the Country. Digital and Smart Libraries Researches, 7(1), 11-20. http s://doi.org/10.30473/mrs.2021.42159.1357