Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Synthesis of activated carbon from walnut shell activated by phosphoric acid for reactive dye brilliant red HE-3B removal from textile wastewater

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Department of Applied Industries engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Arts, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
In the present work, walnut shell was used as the main raw material for synthesizing activated carbon adsorbent, and its efficiency was investigated for the removal of reactive dye Brilliant Red HE-3B from textile wastewater. Adsorption equilibrium experiments were conducted within the concentration range of 10–60 mg/L at three temperatures of 25, 35, and 45°C. According to the results, with the increase in temperature, the adsorption capacity decreases. Also, as the dye concentration increased, the adsorption capacity increased while the dye removal percentage decreased. The maximum adsorption capacity was 33.55 mg/g at an initial dye concentration of 60 mg/L, and the highest dye removal efficiency was 87.7% at C0=10 mg/L and a temperature of 25°C. Equilibrium data at the three temperatures were analyzed by the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and the Langmuir isotherm presented a better agreement according to the higher correlation coefficient. Thermodynamic calculations revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous (Δ𝐺<0), exothermic (ΔH<0), and accompanied by a decrease in entropy (ΔS<0). The enthalpy of the reaction was obtained -35.97 kJ/mol, indicating that physical adsorption dominated and Van der Waals forces played a major role. The results of this study demonstrated that the synthesized adsorbent is effective for the removal of the reactive dye Brilliant Red HE-3B from aqueous wastewater.
Keywords
Subjects

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Volume 22, Issue 3
Technical and Engineering
Autumn 2025
Pages 400-425

  • Receive Date 15 January 2025
  • Revise Date 30 March 2025
  • Accept Date 26 April 2025