Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Pathology of Anubani Sarpol Zahab Stone Relief in Kermanshah and Providing Conservation and Restoration Approaches

Document Type : Case-study

Authors
Hamidreza Bakhshandehfard 1
Ali Moradzadeh 2
Omid Oudbashi 3
1 Associate Professor, Department of Restoration of Cultural Artifacts and Objects, Isfahan Art University, Iran.
2 Graduated, Department of Restoration of Historical and Cultural Objects, Faculty of Restoration, Isfahan Art University, Isfahan, Iran.
3 Senior Lecturer of Conservation Sciences, Department of Restoration, Faculty of Science, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
10.48301/kssa.2024.441403.2831
Abstract
Anubani in Sarpol Zahab city of Kermanshah is one of the oldest stone reliefs in Iran, belonging to the Lolubi people, dating back to 2800 BC. This work is constantly exposed to environmental factors that have been less investigated. The main damage is physical weathering in the form of pitting, cracking, separation and crushing. The research method included laboratory investigations and identification of mineralogy and structure and the mechanism of rock destruction, which included XRD methods to identify the phase and type of mineral in the rock. XRF was used to obtain quantitative data on element concentrations and petrography to study the minerals in it. Standard water absorption and porosity tests were used. The results of the XRD and XRF showed that the dominant material is limestone, and according to the petrography results, the main matrix of the rock in thin sections includes a dense texture of micrite to coarse calcite crystals of secondary sparite and streaks of sparite. The texture of the stone is compact and free of holes. The most necessary measure for conservation is the use of protective scaffolding and false ceilings. The solutions of establishing a security unit, creating a culture and informing the public, installing appropriate security and designing a visiting route were suggested to solve this problem. In the discussion of cleaning, two physical and chemical methods were suggested, and then deionized water in addition to biodegradable detergents such as Diedrich was presented to clean sediments.
Keywords
Pathology
Conservation
Restoration
Stone Relief
Anubani
XRD
XRF
Subjects
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Karafan Journal
Volume 21, Issue 4
Agriculture / Art and Architecture
Winter 2025
Pages 95-116

  • Receive Date 08 February 2024
  • Revise Date 11 June 2024
  • Accept Date 14 August 2024