Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Improving distribution network operation using load forecasting and optimal placement of DGs by heuristic algorithms

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Department of Electrical Engineering., National University of Skills (NUS), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Distribution network expansion plays a vital role in the reliable transmission of electricity to the final consumers. But, this expansion requires investment and the lack of this investment causes increased losses, more voltage drop and load imbalance. On the other hand, with the optimal placement of DG devices, the performance of the distribution network can be improved and investment in its expansion can be postponed. Improper installation of DGs increases network losses, reduces network efficiency, and reduces reliability. This paper is focused on improving the efficiency of the distribution network with more reliability by optimal placement of multiple DGs and optimal load forecasting based on evolutionary optimization algorithms. In the proposed method, several DGs are assigned to minimize voltage deviation, reduce power losses, and minimize energy losses and costs. In order to identify candidate buses for DG installation, a voltage stability index (VSI) is used to determine buses subject to voltage drop. Buses with low VSI value are identified as weak ones and selected as candidates for DG installation. Then, using the improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm, the optimal DG location is found. Finally, load forecasting will be done using the k-means clustering method and an artificial neural network (ANN) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) on weekdays. The simulations performed on the IEEE 30 buses test system confirm the efficient and effective performance of the proposed method compared to previous conventional methods.
Keywords
Subjects

[1]   S. Abbasi and H. Abdi, "Multiobjective transmission expansion planning problem based on ACOPF considering load and wind power generation uncertainties," International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, vol. 27, no. 6, p. e2312, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/etep.2312.
[2]   S. Abbasi, H. Abdi, S. Bruno, and M. La Scala, "Transmission network expansion planning considering load correlation using unscented transformation," International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, vol. 103, pp. 12-20, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2018.05.024.
[3]   A. Khodadadi, T. Abedinzadeh, H. Alipour, and J. Pouladi, "Multi-objective Operation Planning for a Distribution Network to Improve Economic Parameters and Network Resilience Considering Weather Conditions," Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 305-331, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2022.346042.2144.
[4]   M. A. Nezhadpashaki, F. Karbalaei, and S. Abbasi, "Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation with small signal stability constraint," Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, vol. 23, p. 100380, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100380.
[5]   D. Singh, R. K. Misra, and D. Singh, "Effect of load models in distributed generation planning," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 2204-2212, 2007, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2007.907582.
[6]   A. Piccolo and P. Siano, "Evaluating the impact of network investment deferral on distributed generation expansion," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 1559-1567, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2009.2022973.
[7]   H. Alimohamadi, R. Zeinali Davarani, and M. Shafiee, "Investigating the Feasibility of Increasing the Participation of Solar Power Plants in Supplying Load during the Peak Hours of the Day," Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 13-30, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2023.365108.2313.
[8]   F. Askari, "Assessment of the Impact of Distributed Generation and Distribution Network Faults on Generation Reliability Indices," Karafan Journal, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 13-33, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.277262.1427.
[9]   R. K. Singh and S. Goswami, "Optimum allocation of distributed generations based on nodal pricing for profit, loss reduction, and voltage improvement including voltage rise issue," International journal of electrical power & energy systems, vol. 32, no. 6, pp. 637-644, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.11.021.
[10] D. Q. Hung, N. Mithulananthan, and R. Bansal, "Analytical expressions for DG allocation in primary distribution networks," IEEE Transactions on energy conversion, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 814-820, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEC.2010.2044414.
[11] P. Järventausta, S. Repo, A. Rautiainen, and J. Partanen, "Smart grid power system control in distributed generation environment," Annual Reviews in Control, vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 277-286, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2010.08.005.
[12] M. Gandomkar, M. Vakilian, and M. Ehsan, "A combination of genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for optimal DG allocation in distribution networks," in Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2005., 2005: Ieee, pp. 645-648, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2005.1557013.
[13] D. Zhu, R. P. Broadwater, K.-S. Tam, R. Seguin, and H. Asgeirsson, "Impact of DG placement on reliability and efficiency with time-varying loads," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 419-427, 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2005.860943.
[14] M. P. Lalitha, V. V. Reddy, and V. Usha, "OPTIMAL DG PLACEMENT FOR MINIMUM REAL POWER LOSS IN RADIAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS USING PSO," Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, vol. 13, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/App.2010.2043411.
[15] W. El-Khattam, Y. Hegazy, and M. Salama, "An integrated distributed generation optimization model for distribution system planning," IEEE Transactions on power systems, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 1158-1165, 2005, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2005.846114.
[16] G. P. Harrison, A. Piccolo, P. Siano, and A. R. Wallace, "Hybrid GA and OPF evaluation of network capacity for distributed generation connections," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 78, no. 3, pp. 392-398, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2007.03.008.
[17] D. Singh, D. Singh, and K. Verma, "Multiobjective optimization for DG planning with load models," IEEE transactions on power systems, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 427-436, 2009, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2008.2009483.
[18] A. Soroudi and M. Afrasiab, "Binary PSO-based dynamic multi-objective model for distributed generation planning under uncertainty," IET renewable power generation, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 67-78, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2011.0028.
[19] M. M. Elnashar, R. El Shatshat, and M. M. Salama, "Optimum siting and sizing of a large distributed generator in a mesh connected system," Electric Power Systems Research, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 690-697, 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2009.10.034.
[20] H. Hedayati, S. Nabaviniaki, Akbarimajd, and A. Akbarimajd, "A method for placement of DG units in distribution networks," IEEE transactions on power delivery, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1620-1628, 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2007.916106.
[21] S. Fan and L. Chen, "Short-term load forecasting based on an adaptive hybrid method," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 392-401, 2006, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRS.2005.860944.
[22] D. Xinhui, W. Liang, S. Jiancheng, and Z. Yan, "Application of neural network and support vector machines to power system short-term load forecasting," in 2010 International Conference on Computational Aspects of Social Networks, 2010: IEEE, pp. 729-732, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/CASoN.2010.167.
[23] J. Yin, L. Huo, L. Guo, and J. Hu, "Short-term load forecasting based on improved gene expression programming," in 2008 7th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, 2008: IEEE, pp. 5647-5650, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/WCICA.2008.4593850.
[24] M. Gitizadeh, A. A. Vahed, and J. Aghaei, "Multistage distribution system expansion planning considering distributed generation using hybrid evolutionary algorithms," Applied energy, vol. 101, pp. 655-666, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.07.010.
[25] D. Q. Hung and N. Mithulananthan, "Multiple distributed generator placement in primary distribution networks for loss reduction," IEEE Transactions on industrial electronics, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1700-1708, 2011, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2011.2112316.
[26] K. Nekooei, M. M. Farsangi, H. Nezamabadi-Pour, and K. Y. Lee, "An improved multi-objective harmony search for optimal placement of DGs in distribution systems," IEEE Transactions on smart grid, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 557-567, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TSG.2012.2237420.
[27] M. Kowsalya, "Optimal size and siting of multiple distributed generators in distribution system using bacterial foraging optimization," Swarm and Evolutionary computation, vol. 15, pp. 58-65, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.swevo.2013.12.001.
[28] W. Sheng, K.-Y. Liu, Y. Liu, X. Meng, and Y. Li, "Optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation via an improved nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II," IEEE Transactions on power Delivery, vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 569-578, 2014, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2325938.
[29] S. Katoch, S. S. Chauhan, and V. Kumar, "A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future," Multimedia tools and applications, vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 8091-8126, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/APP.2021.2244567.
[30] A. G. Gad, "Particle swarm optimization algorithm and its applications: A systematic review," Archives of computational methods in engineering, vol. 29, no. 5, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-021-09694-4.
[31] A. S. Joshi, O. Kulkarni, G. M. Kakandikar, and V. M. Nandedkar, "Cuckoo search optimization-a review," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 7262-7269, 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.07.055.
[32] F. Karbalaei and S. Abasi, "Quick and accurate computation of voltage stability Margin," Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-8, 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/JAKO.2016.12.454993.211.
[33] B. Genêt and J.-C. Maun, "Voltage-stability monitoring using wide-area measurement systems," in 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech, 2007: IEEE, pp. 1712-1717, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/PCT.2007.4538573.
[34] F. Karbalaei and S. Abbasi, "L-index based contingency filtering for voltage stability constrained reactive power planning," Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 3156-3167, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.3906/elk-1805-11.
[35] L. Zhang, Y. Yu, Y. Luo, and S. Zhang, "Improved cuckoo search algorithm and its application to permutation flow shop scheduling problem," Journal of Algorithms & Computational Technology, vol. 14, p. 1748302620962403, 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/1748302620962403.
[36] T. M. Kodinariya and P. R. Makwana, "Review on determining number of Cluster in K-Means Clustering," International Journal, vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 90-95, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1144/int-2013-11.
[37] "Dabbagchi, I., & Christie, R. (1993, August). 30 Bus Power Flow Test Case. Power Systems Test Case Archive. University of Washington. Retrieved from " http://www.ee.washington.edu/research/pstca/pf30/pg_tca30bus.htm. (accessed.
 
Volume 22, Issue 1
Technical and Engineering
Spring 2025
Pages 275-297

  • Receive Date 15 August 2024
  • Revise Date 19 September 2024
  • Accept Date 19 November 2024