Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer of Magnetic Nanofluid in a Tee Channel in the Presence of Variable Magnetic Field

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Faculty Member, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
The The flow of magnetic nanofluid in a three-way duct under varying magnetic fields has been investigated numerically using the mixed single-phase model. This research aimed to increase heat transfer by applying a magnetic field in a tee duct. In this conduit, the outer surface of the diagonal part was insulated and did not conduct any heat transfer with the outside space. The smooth part was at a constant temperature and with a temperature lower than the temperature of the magnetic nanofluid, and the magnetic field was inserted perpendicular to the channel. Water was considered as the base fluid and 4% iron oxide nanoparticles ( ) were added to it. The change of parameters such as the dimensionless number of the magnetic field intensity and the dimensionless Reynolds number on heat transfer were investigated. Magnetic field effects were added to the governing equations of magnetic nanofluid flow in AnsysFluent software by writing codes in C++ language. According to the obtained results, the value of the Nusselt number increased by 72% with the increase of the Reynolds number, and with the application of a magnetic field, the value of the Nusselt number increased by 48.63% compared to the state without a magnetic field. The application of the magnetic field caused the formation of a pair of vortices in the magnetic nanofluid, which caused the penetration of the cool boundary layer in the central parts of the duct.The The flow of magnetic nanofluid in a three-way duct under varying magnetic fields has been investigated numerically using the mixed single-phase model. This research aimed to increase heat transfer by applying a magnetic field in a tee duct. In this conduit, the outer surface of the diagonal part was insulated and did not conduct any heat transfer with the outside space. The smooth part was at a constant temperature and with a temperature lower than the temperature of the magnetic nanofluid, and the magnetic field was inserted perpendicular to the channel. Water was considered as the base fluid and 4% iron oxide nanoparticles ( ) were added to it. The change of parameters such as the dimensionless number of the magnetic field intensity and the dimensionless Reynolds number on heat transfer were investigated. Magnetic field effects were added to the governing equations of magnetic nanofluid flow in AnsysFluent software by writing codes in C++ language. According to the obtained results, the value of the Nusselt number increased by 72% with the increase of the Reynolds number, and with the application of a magnetic field, the value of the Nusselt number increased by 48.63% compared to the state without a magnetic field. The application of the magnetic field caused the formation of a pair of vortices in the magnetic nanofluid, which caused the penetration of the cool boundary layer in the central parts of the duct.
Keywords
Subjects

[1] Maxwell, J. C. (1873). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Clarendon Press. https:// archive.org/details/electricandmagne01maxwrich/page/n37/mode/2up
[2] Khanafer, K., Vafai, K., & Lightstone, M. (2003). Buoyancy-driven heat transfer enhancement in a two-dimensional enclosure utilizing nanofluids. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 46(19), 3639-3653. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0017-9310(03)00156-X
[3] Tsai, C. Y., Chien, H. T., Ding, P. P., Chan, B., Luh, T. Y., & Chen, P. H. (2004). Effect of structural character of gold nanoparticles in nanofluid on heat pipe thermal performance. Materials Letters, 58(9), 1461-1465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2003.10.009
[4] Wen, D., & Ding, Y. (2004). Experimental investigation into convective heat transfer of nanofluids at the entrance region under laminar flow conditions. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 47(24), 5181-5188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmass transfer.2004.07.012
[5] Lotfi, R., Saboohi, Y., & Rashidi, A. M. (2010). Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer of Nanofluids: Comparison of different approaches. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(1), 74-78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransf er.2009.07.013
[6] Ho, C. J., Liu, W. K., Chang, Y. S., & Lin, C. C. (2010). Natural convection heat transfer of alumina-water nanofluid in vertical square enclosures: An experimental study. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 49(8), 1345-1353. https://doi.org/10.101 6/j.ijthermalsci.2010.02.013
[7] Heidary, H., & Kermani, M. J. (2010). Effect of nano-particles on forced convection in sinusoidal-wall channel. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37(10), 1520-1527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2010.08.018
[8] Gong, L., Kota, K., Tao, W., & Joshi, Y. (2011). Parametric Numerical Study of Flow and Heat Transfer in Microchannels With Wavy Walls. Journal of Heat Transfer, 133(5), 051702. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4003284
[9] Aihara, T., Kim, J-K., Okuyama, K., & Lasek, A. (1993). Controllability of convective heat transfer of magnetic fluid in a circular tube. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 122(1-3), 297-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-8853(93)91095-O
[10] Xuan, Y., Li, Q., & Ye, M. (2007). Investigations of convective heat transfer in ferrofluid microflows using lattice-Boltzmann approach. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 46(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2006.04.002
[11] Sheikholeslami, M., & Gorji-Bandpy, M. (2014). Free convection of ferrofluid in a cavity heated from below in the presence of an external magnetic field. Powder Technology, 256, 490-498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2014.01.079
[12] Aminfar, H., Mohammadpourfard, M., & Kahnamouei, Y. N. (2014). Numerical study of magnetic field effects on the mixed convection of a magnetic nanofluid in a curved tube. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 78, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ij mecsci.2013.10.014
[13] Malvandi, A., Moshizi, S. A., & Ganji, D. D. (2014). Effect of magnetic fields on heat convection inside a concentric annulus filled with Al2O3–water nanofluid. Advanced Powder Technology, 25(6), 1817-1824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apt.2014.07.013
[14] Nithyadevi, N., & Rajarathinam, M. (2016). Effect of Inclination Angle and Magnetic Field on Convection Heat Transfer for Nanofluid in a Porous Cavity. Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics, 9(5), 2347-2358. https://doi.org/10.18869/acadpub.jafm.68.236.2 5212
[15] Sheikholeslami, M., Vajravelu, K., & Rashidi, M. M. (2016). Forced convection heat transfer in a semi annulus under the influence of a variable magnetic field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 92, 339-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfe r.2015.08.066
[16] Wang, Z. H., Meng, X., & Ni, M. J. (2017). Liquid metal buoyancy driven convection heat transfer in a rectangular enclosure in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 113, 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1 016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.05.121
[17] Naphon, P., Wiriyasart, S., Arisariyawong, T., & Nualboonrueng, T. (2017). Magnetic field effect on the nanofluids convective heat transfer and pressure drop in the spirally coiled tubes. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 110, 739-745. https://doi.or g/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.03.077
[18] Ahangar Zonouzi, S., Khodabandeh, R., Safarzadeh, H., Aminfar, H., Trushkina, Y., Mohammadpourfard, M., Ghanbarpour, M., & Salazar Alvarez, G. (2018). Experimental investigation of the flow and heat transfer of magnetic nanofluid in a vertical tube in the presence of magnetic quadrupole field. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 91, 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.10.013
[19] Fadaei, F., Shahrokhi, M., Molaei Dehkordi, A., & Abbasi, Z. (2017). Heat transfer enhancement of Fe3O4 ferrofluids in the presence of magnetic field. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 429, 314-323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.01.046
[20] Mousavi, S. V., Barzegar Gerdroodbary, M., Sheikholeslami, M., & Ganji, D. D. (2016). The influence of a magnetic field on the heat transfer of a magnetic nanofluid in a sinusoidal channel. The European Physical Journal Plus, 131(9), 347. https://doi.org/10.1140/ epjp/i2016-16347-4
[21] Asadi, A., Hossein Nezhad, A., Sarhaddi, F., & Keykha, T. (2019). Laminar ferrofluid heat transfer in presence of non-uniform magnetic field in a channel with sinusoidal wall: A numerical study. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 471, 56-63. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.09.045
[22] Soltanipour, H., & Pourfattah, F. (2021). Simultaneous use of non-uniform magnetic field and porous medium for the intensification of convection heat transfer of a magnetic nanofluid inside a tube. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 43(10), 459. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-021-03174-3
[23] Mousavi, S. V., Sheikholeslami, M., Gorji Bandpy, M., & Barzegar Gerdroodbary, M. (2016). The Influence of magnetic field on heat transfer of magnetic nanofluid in a sinusoidal double pipe heat exchanger. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 113, 112-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.07.009
[24] Barzegar Gerdroodbary, M., Sheikholeslami, M., Mousavi, S. V., Anazadehsayed, A., & Moradi, R. (2018). The influence of non-uniform magnetic field on heat transfer intensification of ferrofluid inside a T-junction. Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 123, 58-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2017.10.021
[25] Sheikholeslami, M., Barzegar Gerdroodbary, M., Mousavi, S. V., Ganji, D. D., & Moradi, R. (2018). Heat transfer enhancement of ferrofluid inside an 90° elbow channel by non-uniform magnetic field. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 460, 302-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.03.070
[26] Li, S., Mao, L., Alizadeh, A. A., Zhang, X., & Mousavi, S. V. (2023). The application of non-uniform magnetic field for thermal enhancement of the nanofluid flow inside the U-turn pipe at solar collectors. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 8471. https://doi.org/10.10 38/s41598-023-35659-7
[27] Askari, N., & Taheri, M. H. (2020). Numerical Investigation of a MHD Natural Convection Heat Transfer Flow in a Square Enclosure with Two Heaters on the Bottom Wall. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Technical and Vocational University, 17(1), 97-114. https://doi .org/10.48301/kssa.2020.112759
[28] Ahrar, A. J., Omidpanah, M., & Mirjalily, S. A. A. (2022). The Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer Rate and Entropy Generation of Al2O3/Water Nanofluid Flow in a Closed Cavity Containing 4 Circular Cylinders with Two Different Arrangements Using a Hybrid FD-LBM Technique. Quarterly Scientific Journal of Technical and Vocational University, 19(1), 429-457. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2022.296680.1640
[29] Babaei Spouei, R., & Naseri, R. (2022). Numerical Study of Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Linear Parabolic Trough Solar Collector. Karafan Quarterly Scientific Journal, 19(1), 311-332. https://doi.org/10.48301/kssa.2021.299497.1670
[30] Ganguly, R., Sen, S., & Puri, I. K. (2004). Heat transfer augmentation using a magnetic fluid under the influence of a line dipole. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 271(1), 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2003.09.015
[31] Rosensweig, R. E. (2013). Ferrohydrodynamics. Dover Publications. https://books.goog le.com/books?id=ng_DAgAAQBAJ
[32] Kittel, C. (2004). Introduction to Solid State Physics (8 ed.). Wiley. https://books.google .com/books?id=kym4QgAACAAJ
[33] Tzirtzilakis, E. E., & Kafoussias, N. G. (2009). Three-Dimensional Magnetic Fluid Boundary Layer Flow Over a Linearly Stretching Sheet. Journal of Heat Transfer, 132(1), 011702. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3194765
[34] Goharkhah, M., & Ashjaee, M. (2014). Effect of an alternating nonuniform magnetic field on ferrofluid flow and heat transfer in a channel. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 362, 80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2014.03.025
[35] Pak, B. C., & Cho, Y. I. (1998). Hydrodynamic and heat transfer study of dispersed fluids with submicron metallic oxide particles. Experimental Heat Transfer, 11(2), 151-170. https://doi.org/10.1080/08916159808946559
[36] Hamilton, R. L., & Crosser, O. K. (1962). Thermal Conductivity of Heterogeneous Two-Component Systems. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 1(3), 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1021/i160003a005
[37] Buschow, K. H. J. (2003). Handbook of Magnetic Materials. Elsevier Science. https://bo oks.google.com/books?id=oC04EZ47Ex8C
[38] Aminfar, H., Mohammadpourfard, M., & Narmani Kahnamouei, Y. (2011). A 3D numerical simulation of mixed convection of a magnetic nanofluid in the presence of non-uniform magnetic field in a vertical tube using two phase mixture model. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 323(15), 1963-1972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011 .02.039
[39] He, Y., Men, Y., Zhao, Y., Lu, H., & Ding, Y. (2009). Numerical investigation into the convective heat transfer of TiO2 nanofluids flowing through a straight tube under the laminar flow conditions. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(10), 1965-1972. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.09.020
[40] Aminfar, H., Mohammadpourfard, M., & Mohseni, F. (2012). Two-phase mixture model simulation of the hydro-thermal behavior of an electrical conductive ferrofluid in the presence of magnetic fields. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 324(5), 830-842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2011.09.028
           
Volume 21, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66
Engineering & Technical
Spring 2024
Pages 453-481

  • Receive Date 19 September 2023
  • Revise Date 21 December 2023
  • Accept Date 03 January 2024