Karafan Journal

Karafan Journal

Improving Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polyester Used in Industrial Coils

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Hadi Moshrefzadeh-Sani 1
Afshin Zeinedini 2
Mohamad Ali Etminani 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kermanshah University of Technology, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical Industry, Technical and Vocational University (TVU), Tehran, Iran.
10.48301/kssa.2024.415149.2695
Abstract
Today, the use of polymer materials in the structure of electronic coils is very common. In addition to keeping the electronic components in their position, the polymer material must be able to transfer the generated heat from the heart of the core to the outside and prevent its temperature from rising beyond the permissible limit. Since unsaturated polyester is used in the researched sample, this research aimed to achieve a composition that is comparable to high-quality foreign samples in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. Therefore, the polyester resin was reinforced with different percentages of chopped glass fibres and alumina particles to improve its mechanical and thermal properties and use it in industrial coils. Tensile, bending, thermal conductivity and wear tests were performed on different samples. The results of experimental studies showed that by adding 40% alumina, the heat transfer coefficient of polyester increased from 0.173 to 0.469 W/mK. In addition, for 70% of chopped glass fibres, the thermal conductivity of polyester improved from 0.173 to 0.394 W/mK. Adding alumina particles and glass fibres generally increased the Young's modulus of the composite. However, the tensile strength of the resin was not only not improved but also decreased by adding alumina particles or glass fibres. Different behaviours were observed in the wear test of samples with different percentages of alumina and glass fibres.
Keywords
Polyester
Coil
Thermal Conductivity
Mechanical Properties
Thermal Properties
Subjects
[1] Chung, S-L., & Lin, J-S. (2016). Thermal Conductivity of Epoxy Resin Composites Filled with Combustion Synthesized h-BN Particles. Molecules, 21(5), 670. https://doi.org /10.3390/molecules21050670
[2] Xiao, M., & Du, B. X. (2016). Review of high thermal conductivity polymer dielectrics for electrical insulation. High Voltage, 1(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1049/hve.2016.0008
[3] Xu, Y., Wang, X., & Hao, Q. (2021). A mini review on thermally conductive polymers and polymer-based composites. Composites Communications, 24(1), 100617. https://doi .org/10.1016/j.coco.2020.100617
[4] Zeinedini, A., Hosseini, Y., Mahdi, A. S., Akhavan-Safar, A., & Da Silva, L. F. M. (2024). Impact of the Manufacturing Process on the Flexural Properties of Laminated Composite-Metal Riveted Joints: Experimental and Numerical Studies. Applied Composite Materials, 31(2), 583-610. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-023-10186-w
[5] Huang, X., Jiang, P., & Tanaka, T. (2011). A review of dielectric polymer composites with high thermal conductivity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Electrical Insulation Magazine, 27(4), 8-16. https://doi.org/10.1109/MEI.2011.5954064
[6] Wang, Z., Iizuka, T., Kozako, M., Ohki, Y., & Tanaka, T. (2011). Development of epoxy/BN composites with high thermal conductivity and sufficient dielectric breakdown strength partI - sample preparations and thermal conductivity. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, 18(6), 1963-1972. https://doi.org/10.1109/TDEI.2011.6118634
[7] Su, K-H., Su, C-Y., Chi, P-W., Chandan, P., Cho, C-T., Chi, W-Y., & Wu, M-K. (2021). Generation of Self-Assembled 3D Network in TPU by Insertion of Al2O3/h-BN Hybrid for Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Materials, 14(2), 238. https://doi.org/10.33 90/ma14020238
[8] Shahabaz, S. M., Mehrotra, P., Kalita, H., Sharma, S., Naik, N., Noronha, D. J., & Shetty, N. (2023). Effect of Al2O3 and SiC Nano-Fillers on the Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites. Journal of Composites Science, 7(4), 133. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs7040133
[9] Dong, Y., Meng, M., Groves, M. M., Zhang, C., & Lin, J. (2018). Thermal conductivities of two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitrides by molecule dynamics simulation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 123, 738-746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatm asstransfer.2018.03.017
[10] Zhou, W., Qi, S., Tu, C., Zhao, H., Wang, C., & Kou, J. (2007). Effect of the particle size of Al2O3 on the properties of filled heat-conductive silicone rubber. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 104(2), 1312-1318. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.25789
[11] Shokrieh, M. M., & Moshrefzadeh-Sani, H. (2016). On the constant parameters of Halpin-Tsai equation. Polymer, 106, 14-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.049
[12] Aydoğmuş, E., & Şahal, H. (2022). Investigation of Thermophysical Properties of Polyester Composites Produced with Synthesized MSG and Nano-Alumina. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi(34), 95-99. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1072831
[13] Weidenfeller, B., Höfer, M., & Schilling, F. R. (2004). Thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and specific heat capacity of particle filled polypropylene. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(4), 423-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa. 2003.11.005
[14] Mishra, D., Dehury, J., Rout, L., & Satapathy, A. (2020). The effect of particle size, mixing conditions and agglomerates on thermal conductivity of BN-polyester & multi-sized BN-hybrid composites for use in micro-electronics. Materials Today: Proceedings, 26, 3187-3192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.658
[15] Xu, Y., Chung, D. D. L., & Mroz, C. (2001). Thermally conducting aluminum nitride polymer-matrix composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 32(12), 1749-1757. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00023-9
[16] Choi, S., & Kim, J. (2013). Thermal conductivity of epoxy composites with a binary-particle system of aluminum oxide and aluminum nitride fillers. Composites Part B: Engineering, 51(2), 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.03.002
[17] Sanada, K., Tada, Y., & Shindo, Y. (2009). Thermal conductivity of polymer composites with close-packed structure of nano and micro fillers. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 40(6-7), 724-730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.0 2.024
[18] Wang, Y., Zhang, X., Ding, X., Zhang, P., Shu, M., Zhang, Q., Gong, Y., Zheng, K., & Tian, X. (2020). Imidization-induced carbon nitride nanosheets orientation towards highly thermally conductive polyimide film with superior flexibility and electrical insulation. Composites Part B: Engineering, 199(7), 108267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.composi tesb.2020.108267
[19] Wu, Y., Zhang, X., Negi, A., He, J., Hu, G., Tian, S., & Liu, J. (2020). Synergistic Effects of Boron Nitride (BN) Nanosheets and Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles on Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Properties of Epoxy Nanocomposites. Polymers, 12(2), 426. https://d oi.org/10.3390/polym12020426
[20] Arbaoui, J., Moustabchir, H., Vigué, J. R., & Royer, F. X. (2016). The effects of various nanoparticles on the thermal and mechanical properties of an epoxy resin. Materials Research Innovations, 20(2), 145-150. https://doi.org/10.1179/1433075X15Y.0000 000026
[21] Ramachandran, M., Bhargava, R., & Raichurkar, P. (2016). Effect of nanotechnology in enhancing mechanical properties of composite materials. International journal on Textile Engineering and Processes, 2(1), 59-63. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ 295616526_Effect_of_Nanotechnology_in_Enhancing_Mechanical_Properties_of_Composite_Materials
[22] Rezvani, M. B., Atai, M., Hamze, F., & Hajrezai, R. (2016). The effect of silica nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composite resins. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects, 10(2), 112-117. https://doi.org/10.1517 1/joddd.2016.018
[23] Shokrieh, M. M., Zeinedini, A., & Ghoreishi, S. M. (2015). Effects of adding multiwall carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of Epoxy resin and Glass/Epoxy laminated composites. Modares Mechanical Engineering, 15(9), 125-133. http://mme.modares.ac.ir/article -15-12211-en.html
[24] Latief, F. H., Chafidz, A., Junaedi, H., Alfozan, A., & Khan, R. (2019). Effect of Alumina Contents on the Physicomechanical Properties of Alumina (Al2O3) Reinforced Polyester Composites. Advances in Polymer Technology, 2019(1), 5173537. https://doi.org/1 0.1155/2019/5173537
[25] Zeinedini, A., Shokrieh, M. M., & Ebrahimi, A. (2018). The effect of agglomeration on the fracture toughness of CNTs-reinforced nanocomposites. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 94, 84-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tafmec.2018.01.009
[26] Irfan, M. S., Saeed, F., Gill, Y. Q., & Qaiser, A. A. (2018). Effects of hybridization and fiber orientation on flexural properties of hybrid short glass fiber– and short carbon fiber–reinforced vinyl ester composites. Polymers and Polymer Composites, 26(5-6), 371-379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0967391118801608
[27] Zeinedini, A., & Mahdi, A. S (2023). Energy dissipated by spherical nanoparticles debonding in nanocomposites under cryogenic and steady state conditions. Cryogenics, 136(13), 103763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2023.103763
[28] Zeinedini, A., & Mahdi, A. S. (2023). The effect of temperature on the spherical nanoparticles debonding stress. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 173, 107669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2023.107669
[29] Rodriguez, J. A., & Fernández-García, M. (2007). Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Oxide Nanomaterials. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470108975
[30] Zheng, J., Li, H., & Hogan, J. D. (2023). Strain-rate-dependent tensile response of an alumina ceramic: Experiments and modeling. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 173, 104487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.104487
[31] Takizawa, Y., & Chung, D. D. L. (2016). Through-thickness thermal conduction in glass fiber polymer–matrix composites and its enhancement by composite modification. Journal of Materials Science, 51(7), 3463-3480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-9665-x
[32] American Society for Testing and Materials. (2020). Standard test method for thermal conductivity of solids using the guarded-comparative-longitudinal heat flow technique (ASTM E1225-20). ASTM. https://www.astm.org/e1225-20.html
[33] American Society for Testing and Materials. (2015). Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics (ASTM D638-10). ASTM. https://www.astm.org/d0638-10.html
[34] American Society for Testing and Materials. (2017). Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials (ASTM D790-17). ASTM. https://www.astm.org/d0790-17.html
[35] American Society for Testing and Materials. (2017). Standard Test Method for Wear Testing of Polymeric Materials Used in Total Joint Prostheses (ASTM F732-17). ASTM. ht tps://www.astm.org/f0732-17.html
[36] Boztoprak, Y. (2022). Effects of Al2O3 Particulate Addition on Mechanical Properties of Vinyl Ester Matrix Composite Material. European Journal of Science and Technology, 41, 48-53. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.1016663
Karafan Journal
Volume 21, Issue 1 - Serial Number 66
Engineering & Technical
Spring 2024
Pages 367-390

  • Receive Date 20 October 2023
  • Revise Date 30 December 2023
  • Accept Date 12 February 2024